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The gene for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was chemically synthesized and used for expression in transgenic potato. The hEGF coding sequence was modified by PCR to introduce ATG start codon and fused either to the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter or to the patatin class I promoter. The highest hEGF peptide content, 120 pg/mg soluble protein, was found in potato tubers when the chimeric gene was expressed under the control of patatin promoter.

When chromosomal proteins in chromatin or in mononucleosomes were extensively cross-linked with an imido ester, the H1-containing nonameric histone complex was revealed. In this complex, histone H1 is connected with the octamer of core histones. The cross-linking of H1 of the octamer is realized preferentially through H2a and H3 histones. Some HMG (high mortality group) proteins located presumably in the linker regions of a nucleosome fiber also take part in the formation of dimers, possibly with the histones of a nucleosomal core. The results suggest mutant interactions between some linker-associated proteins and intranucleosomal histones. Experiments involving extensive cross-linking of proteins in the purified mononucleosome subfractions demonstrated differences in the organization of core histones between 'complete' nucleosomes and nucleosomes lacking H1.

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Обзор современных литературных данных о механизмах регуляции транскрипции генов в растениях. Рассматривается структура наисіолее исследованных промоторов, функционирующих в растениях: 358-промотора вируса мозаики цветной капусты, промотора малой субъединицы рибулозо-1,5-дифосфаткарбоксилазы / оксигеназы, промоторов генов пататина. Обсуждаются новые сведения о структуре регуляторных белковых факторов и возможные механизмы их взаимодействий с промоторными регуляторними последовательностями.

This review describes the recent progress in the construction of transgenic plants for vaccine producti,v Transgenic plants are an attractive and cost-effective alternative to microbial systems for the productior о proteins with pharmaceutical value. Advances in biotechnology are enabling plants to be exploitea /• expression of candidate vaccine antigens with the goal of using the edible plant organs for economical delivery of oral vaccines. It has recently been shown that genes encoding antigens of bacterial and vira< pathogens can be expressed in plants in a form in which they retain native immunogenic properties. Transgenic potato tubers expressing bacterial antigens stimulated humoral and mucosal immune response, when they were provided as a food. Although the utility of «edible vaccines» to prevent disease remains t< be established, the successful implementation of this strategy can be the first step on the way to modern vaccines of new generation.