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This paper presents guanidine-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticle-supported palladium (II) (Fe 3 O 4 @Guanidine-Pd) as an effective catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl halides using phenylboronic acids and also for selective reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding amines. Fe 3 O 4 @Guanidine-Pd synthesized is well characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, thermal gravimetric analysis, XPS, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry analysis. The prepared Fe 3 O 4 @Guanidine-Pd showed effective catalytic performance in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions by converting aryl halides to their corresponding biaryl derivatives in an aqueous environment in a shorter reaction time and with a meagerly small amount of catalyst (0.22 mol %). Also, the prepared Fe 3 O 4 @Guanidine-Pd effectively reduced nitroarenes to their corresponding amino derivatives in aqueous media at room temperature with a high turnover number and turnover frequency with the least amount of catalyst (0.13 mol %). The most prominent feature of Fe 3 O 4 @Guanidine-Pd as a catalyst is the ease of separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture after the reaction with the help of an external magnet with good recovery yield and also reuse of the recovered catalyst for a few cycles without significant loss in its catalytic activity.

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A series of novel xanthone conjugated amino acids were synthesised and characterised by analytical and spectroscopic methods. All the synthesized analogues () were screened for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds, ,, ,, ,, and showed excellent antimicrobial activities compared to antibacterial and antifungal reference drugs gentamicin and bavistin, respectively. Compounds and showed good anti-inflammatory activity compared to a standard drug, indomethacin. The preliminary structure-activity relationship revealed that tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline and cysteine conjugated compounds showed excellent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. This may be explained by the contribution of aromaticity and hydrophobicity of amino acids. Molecular docking studies were performed for all the synthesised compounds, among which compounds , and showed the highest docking scores for antimicrobial activity while compounds, and showed the highest docking scores for anti-inflammatory activity. Different amino acids conjugated xanthone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. The conjugation was found to play a major role in improving the biological activities of those compounds.