11Testosterone concentration in fecal pellets of antler phases of male sambar deer in Horton plains National 12 park, Sri Lanka evaluated by Radioimmunoassay kit. The results obtained in this study were agreement 13 with identical research work carried out in other deer species with temperate ancestry. ABSTRACT 15This study establishes the relationship between testosterone concentration with the different antler phases 16 in male sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) inhabiting the Horton plains National Park, Sri Lanka (HPNP). Antler 17 growth of sambar was categorized into seven phases; Cast (C), Growing single spike (GS), Growing into a 18 Y as first tine appears (GIY), Growing Velvet begins to harden as third appears(GVT), Growth completed 19 -velvet shedding begins (VS), Hard antler (HA), Casting (CT) based on phenotypic observations. The 20 fecal samples were collected from 10 male sambar deer in each different phases of the antler growth cycle. 21Fecal testosterone level was estimated using radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results disclose that the dry 22 feces of sambar deer in hard antler phase have a highest mean testosterone concentration of 18.52± 01.87 23 ng g -1 . In the GVT phase the mean testosterone concentration was 09.50±2.01ng g -1 , while in the VS phase 24 the mean testosterone concentration increased to 14 ± 01.89 ng g -1 . The study also reveals a declination of 25 the testosterone concentration (06.80± 01.20 ng g-1) in CS phase. The C phase had a mean testosterone 26 concentration of 05.52± 0.84 ng g -1 .The fecal testosterone levels of the male sambar deer in HPNP changes 27 according to the phase of the antler cycle.28 29 30 31 32 33 Effect of testosterone on antler growth
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