Узагальнено проблемні аспекти в сфері праці та зайнятості сільського населення, які визначають потребу на напрями модернізації соціально-трудових відносин. Констатовано наслідки існуючого характеру соціально-трудових відносин та стану зайнятості сільського населення. Виокремлено ключові умови ефективності соціально-трудових відносин. Визначено, що модернізація соціально-трудових відносин повинна передбачати запровадження обгрунтованих базових трудових стандартів, які забезпечуватимуть захищеність трудових прав і гарантій працівників; рівноправність сторін-учасників соціально-трудових відносин; нормативно-правову регламентованість трудових відносин для усіх категорій працівників та різних умов зайнятості. Вказано на складові ефективності моделі соціально-трудових відносин з рівноправністю партнерства держави, роботодавців, представників інтересів найманих працівників: наявність чітких критеріїв для оцінки виконання/порушення умов трудових відносин; однакова міра відповідальності сторін за дотримання трудових умов/санкцій за їх порушення; правова урегульованість процедур розв'язання індивідуальних та колективних трудових спорів. Відзначено, що забезпечення позитивних ефектів впливу модернізації соціально-трудових відносин на кон'юнктуру сільського ринку праці та зростання доходів економічно активного сільського населення відбуватиметься з певним часовим лагом, та по мірі збалансування попиту і пропозиції робочої сили, збільшення питомої ваги зайнятих у формальному секторі економіки. Визначено пріоритетні напрями та заходи державної політики, які сприятимуть активізації процесів модернізації соціально-трудових відносин та сфери зайнятості сільського населення.
Purpose. The aim of the article is to carry out a study of the current state of social and labour relations on the basis of scientifically-grounded analysis of the most general indicators such as employment and unemployment, remuneration and living standards of rural population, and further modernization of social and labour relations in the context of regulating rural population incomes. Methodology of research. General scientific methods are used in the research, in particular: statistical, economic analysis – to determine the status and dynamics of such indicators as employment and unemployment, remuneration and living standards of the rural population; tabular – to organize the statistics. Findings. The problems of formation of the level of economic activity, employment and unemployment of the rural population of Ukraine and the Carpathian region are generalized, and the factors that significantly influence the formation of social and labour relations of the rural population are characterized. The following statements are established in the article, in particular: intensive processes of workforce dismissal by agricultural enterprises, narrowing the scope of work in rural areas cause a high level of informal employment of rural population, intensifying its migration behaviour, which, ultimately, leads to changes in the sphere of income generation. The analysis of modern and perspective directions of modernization of social and labour relations is carried out. Originality. A systematic approach is used to outline the problems and features of modernization of social and labour relations in the context of rural population income. Practical value. The obtained results will provide a scientific substantiation for the social and economic performance of the state measures taken to increase social standards, income and living standards of the rural population, and further develop social and labour relations. Key words: economically active population; employment; rural population; social and labour relations.
Rural areas play a significant role in the development of the economic complex of the state. Ensuring its dynamics is especially important for the regions, which are noted by the agricultural production profile, the Carpathian region in particular. Since a nature of functioning of rural areas is manifested through functions they perform, efficiency of realization of some of these functions mainly depends on conceptual models of territorial development practiced in the state and on a role, played by its basic branch in economics – the agriculture. In the article problematic aspects have been systematized and analyzed, based on existing agrocentric approach to development of rural areas of Carpathian region, in the organizational, industrial-economic, financial-economic and social-economic dimensions, as well as defined promising directions of ensuring increase in their functionality in context of decentralization of power. Structural changes that took place in development of the agricultural segment of Carpathian region during the period of reforms had some ambiguous character and defined mostly destructive impact on functions realization intrinsic to rural areas. Although, on the one hand, during the last years capitalization of the agricultural production took place on the large scale, due to engagement of financial-production capital and was formed high-tech corporate brunch management segment, on the other hand, significant industry distortions, deepening deformation of rural labor market, degradation of the social sphere and rural settlement network in general still remain. Increasing functionality of rural areas anticipates, on the one hand, expanding spectrum of the functions performed by a rural settlement, and, on the other hand, ensuring diversification of rural area development. Dynamics of the referenced processes is defined by success of institution of efficient economic mechanism, which will provide reorientation to benefit subjects of rural economy of distributive relations activity in the industrial, food and financial links of the chain of added value formation, created by those subjects. One of the most important, and at the same time, the most difficult tasks of the government decentralization politics, is seen in a clear definition and differentiation of the spheres of influence and responsibility of all stakeholders in the development of rural areas: rural communities, agribusiness and rural entrepreneurs, the state, and the scientific sphere.
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