Conducted a comprehensive comparative study of the nutritional and biological value Galega orientalis (Lam): the solubility of the protein in vitro -Galega's seeds, leaves, hay, which was harvested in the phase of budding -beginning of flowering. It is believed to be the essential influence of feed type on the solubility of the protein. According to the conducted studies it has revealed that the solubility of the feed protein is in the range from 37.0% to 50.0 %. The rate of solubility of Galega orientalis (Lam) seed protein is 50.0%, litestock -40.0%, and hay -37.0% from its total. The research results indicate that the protein of Galega orientalis (Lam) refers to the feed with the average level of solubility. It has researched qualitative assessment of the biologically active substances content in organs of Galega orientalis' (Lam) plants. It has identified the highest content of flavonoids and saponins in rosette leaves and ascorbic acid in the organs of plants and petals. There is the high content of tannins found in the petals of Galega orientalis (Lam). There is a high content of coumarins and water-soluble polysaccharides in the roots of the studied plants. Phytochemical studies of the plant Galega orientalis (Lam) indicates the absence in it of cardiac glycosides and antrahlikozydiv. It was first conducted testing on antimicrobial activity of a plant Galega orientalis (Lam) on the growth pure cultural of bacteria gram positive (Micrococcus luteus), gram negative (Escherichia coli XL1, DH5) and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303). The material for the study was dried vegetative mass Galega orientalis (Lam) in the phase of budding and early flowering. As a result of the experiment was revealed that 20% concentration of aqueous extract of this plant had inhibitory effects on the growth of pure cultures of bacteria and yeast. It has grounded reasonably possible relationship between the antimicrobial activity of the extract of this plant and the lack of bloating in cows. It has outlined prospects of further researches of this problem.
The ever-increasing harmful effect of endo- (products of inflammatory processes of genital tissues) and exogenous factors (environmental conditions) on the body of women and animals (cows) leads to a substantial decrease in ova fertilisation during mating and artificial insemination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify changes in the signs of physical condition (colour, consistency, fluidity, impurities, etc.) and ratios (homeostasis) of H2O mass, organic (OS) and inorganic (IS) substances of uterine-vaginal mucus (UVM) should be used to assess their harmful effect on the fertilisation of cows after their first insemination. The following methods were used for this study: ocular estimate of the physical condition of freshly obtained mucus; gravimetric assessment of the features of changed mass parameters of its dry residue (DR) components; mathematical and statistical analysis of certain indicators. Determined by the gravimetric method, the features of the imbalance of mass (g, mg), its distribution (%) and ratios (Im:1, Ic:1) in the system of the “medium – substance” type due to the harmful effects of endogenous factors (products of inflammatory processes) indicate that the secretions of the genitals released during oestrus are characterised not only by changes in signs, but also ±2–4 times different from the norm (control) indicators of the mass of components. Under such circumstances, the distribution of substances in the DR samples of the experimental group is expressed by the series, where the mass OS1˃IS˃OS2, but in the control group – OS1˃IS˃OS2. This means that the products of inflammatory processes released by the genitals of cows change the norm of homeostasis of the mass (distribution of components) of OS and IS of the biological system of the “medium – substance” type. Indicators of the obtained mass ratios between component pairs H2O:DR; H2O:OS2, H2O:OS1, H2O:IS (control group – 63:1, 586:1, 231:1, 109:1; experiment group – 42:1, 310:1, 87:1, 112:1), except for the H2O:IS pair (P˂0.05), indicate the presence of probable changes in the homeostasis of OS and IS in the “H2O – components” system. The high probability (P˂0.02; ˂0.001) of the detected changes is inherent in the “DR – components” system, namely: if the average ratio indicators of pairs DR:OS2; DR:OS1; DR:IS samples of the control group are 9:1, 4:1, 2:1, then the same indicators in the experimental group are 7:1, 3:1, 2:1, respectively
We studied the milk production, the condition of nutritional status, the intensity of growth and development of suckling lambs and the activity of individual enzymes in the blood plasma with optimization of the level of protein and energy in rations of lactating ewes of Ascanian meat and wool breed in the Foothills of the Carpathians. It is known, that the geochemical zone of the Carpathian region is characterized by specific protein composition and energy value of feeds. Therefore, studies aimed at adjusting the rations of pregnant and lactating ewes of the Askanian breed in this zone according to the level of protein and energy in the winter-stall period and their influence on the productive qualities and course of metabolism in animals, have an important scientific and practical significance. The study was carried out on 2 groups of lactating ewes-analogues (10 heads each) of Askanian meat and wool breed with crossbred wool in the «Hrusyatychi» Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of the National Academy of Sciences, during the stall period. The duration of the experiment is 90 days. The diet of the ewes of the control group consisted of 1.6 kg of hay meadow, 0.5 kg of whole grain of oats and 0.5 kg of compound feed according to the prescription K80-6-89, the research group's ewes received experimental mixed feeds, in which the part of the grain base was replaced with pea bran, sunflower and canola rapeseed meal and linseed meal. The diet of the control and experimental groups differed insignificantly. The diet of the control group of ewes contained 21.7 MJ of exchange energy, 187 g of digestible protein, 2.29 kg of dry matter, and in the diet of the experimental group, respectively, 22.1 MJ of exchange energy, 188 g of digestible protein and 2.26 kg of dry matter . In one kilogram of dry matter, the fodder of the sheep of the control group contained 9.5 MJ of exchange energy, and the experimental group animals – 9.8 MJ. It was found, that adjusting the level of protein and energy in the standard feed for lactating ewes in the zone of the Carpathians by introducing into it of local high-protein supplements provides maintaining the weights for the lactation period; increase the average daily milk yield after suckling lambs by 23.8%; increase the average daily growth of suckling lambs by 6.7–13.9%; physiological level of activity of alanineaminotransferase, aspartateaminotransferase and lactatedehydrogenase in blood plasma.
To substantiate the possible relationship of the parameters of homeostasis of the concentration of Ca2+, K+, Na+ and the mass of organic and inorganic substances secreted synthesized еt by the tissues of the genital system of males and females (bull – sperm plasma; cow – vaginal mucus), with passive and/or by active methods of movement of sperm and ova through their channels and ducts, the peculiarities of the distribution of components of open and closed systems of the type "environment – cell (substance)" were investigated. Methods of spectrophotometric (flame photometry, Flapho-4) and gravimetric (combustion, extraction, elimination) analysis of the studied samples experimentally established that the adaptive response of sperm to the protective and/or harmful effects of extreme conditions (concentration, temperature, properties of protective environment components). Sperm preservation (TCS) is different. Depending on those (exo-) or other (endogenous) circumstances, the antiportic way of moving ions can change to symportic. The peculiarities of the parameters of concentration and mass of the components of the studied systems revealed in this connection indicate that the fractions of aqueous extracts (PVE) of tissues and secretions of bull and cow, at different functional states of genitals (norm, pathology), have different concentrations of free of bound alkali metal ions, mass and content of substances of their dry residue eliminated in distilled water and insoluble (water, acids). The limit of the difference of the ratio of the ratio (IC:1) of the concentration of one- (Ca2+:Ca2+, K+:K+, Na+:Nа+) and different (Na+:Ca2+, K+:Ca2+, Na+:K+) pairs of ions indicates that that the limit of osmotic pressure parameters of the organic and inorganic components of samples of tissues of genitals, sperm and uterine-vaginal mucus can also be different. This suggests that different parameters of osmotic pressure of the components of the synthesized secretions and the formed sperm and eggs create (initiate, stimulate, inhibit) favorable conditions for their passive and/or active movement through the channels and ducts of the genitals. However, it should be added that the proposed hypothesis requires discussion and experimental confirmation.
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of feed nutrients, in particular, silage prepared from a wheat-oat mixture with the use of the probiotic preparation kt-l 18/1 (selection of the probiotics laboratory of the institute of agricultural microbiology and apv) in a dose of 8.0 ml of suspension per 1 ton of green mass on the fractional composition of milk proteins and its qualityand on the productivity of cows in the forest-steppe zone of the Carpathian region. The research was carried out on two groups of lactating cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted breed, similar in age, live weight and milk yield for the previous lactation, 10 cows each. In each the animals of both groups received the basic diet, in addition to which the cows of the control group were fed 20 kg of wheat-oat silage prepared on the farm according to traditional technology, and the experimental group - 19 kg of silage preserved with the use of the probiotic KT-l 18/1. It was established that the use of probiotics for harvesting silage contributed to obtaining a high-quality product, the introduction of which into the rations of cows in the transition period made it possible to minimize the deficit of dry matter (from 19.8 to 9.1%) and protein (from 4.2% to2.1%), and in winter – from 28.0 to 8.5% in terms of dry matter and from 10.1 to 0% in terms of protein, respectively. The study of the chemical composition showed an increase in the content of dry matter, mainly due to the total protein, fat and casein in the milk of experimental cows both in the transitional and stable periods of retention The milk of the cows of the research group during the stable period of storage contained more dry matter, fat, total protein and casein, respectively, by 4.8; 3,4; 5.2 and 5.6% than the control, which led to an increase in its density by 0.7 оА. In the milk of experimental cows, the improvement of parameters affecting its syrupiness was noted: casein content, density. According to both the reductase test and the fermentation test, which indicates the presence of gas-forming microflora in the milk and its syrupy quality, the milk of the control cows was assigned to the ІІ, and the experimental cows to the І quality class. The average daily yield of natural milk for 45 days of the accounting period in the experimental group was 16.7 kg and was 5.7% higher than in the control group (15.8 kg).
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