No abstract

No abstract

The kinetics of the reduction of o, m-and p-nitrophenols by hydrazine over Raney nickel catalysts have been studied spectrophotometrically. The reactions have been found to be first order with respect to both hydrazine and nitrocompound. The first order behaviour has been observed at the initial part of each of the reactions. The influences of solvent, salt and the amount of catalyst on the reaction rate have been investigated. The rate constants have been found to depend o n the nature of the substrate, the dielectric constant, the ionic strength and the amount of catalyst. The activation energies for the reactions in various solvent compositions have been determined and their variations interpreted in favour of an ionic mechanism. The effect of the p-substituent on the activation energy has been explained in terms of the electron-shifting capacity of the substituent.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Oral health is an inherent part of public health and is intricately related to systemic health. The interdependency of oral health and systemic health merges at the knot called periodontal health. Systemic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and autoimmune diseases affect periodontal tissues and there lies a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Taking this into consideration, periodontal health maintainance is essential for better systemic health. With the advancing health complications in the present time and due to spatial disparities, periodontal health is taking the shape of a concerning public health problem. India is facing some definitive challenges in terms of the oral healthcare system. Periodontal health assessment needs introduction of oral health programmes focusing on periodontal assessment, oral health policies and promoting education regarding periodontal health. Continous surveilliance of the disease can help us in determing the prevalence of disease, disease progression, early diagnosis, and treatment. This review aims at finding the existing problems addressing periodontal health as a public health issue, key challenges, and possible ways out of this problem.

No abstract