Thirty‐four biochemical, physiological, and morphological characters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated to determine their usefulness in winter survival prediction tests. Differences among cold acclimated plants from genotypes with a range of cold hardiness potential were significant for most of the characters evaluated. Close linear associations were found among many of these characters indicating that there are a number of possible screens which could be utilized as a supplement to field survival trials. However, at best, they are very coarse screens and, for differences of practical concern, size of experimental errors become a major limitation to their usefulness in selecting for field survival potential. Estimates of field survival (FSI) and LT50 had the smallest relative experimental errors and the highest heritability values. Crown LT50 estimates also gave the highest correlation with FSI. However, because LT50 is a destructive test which requires a large number of plants, it is limited to nonsegregating populations, Tissue water content and LT50 explained similar variability in FSI. Because tissue water content was not measured with as great a precision as LT50, it would appear to be less useful as a screen. However, when combined with a measure of plant erectness, tissue water content provided nearly as much information on FSI as did LT50. Both leaf water content and plant erectness can be measured without sacrificing entire plants and therefore they should be helpful winter hardiness screens for use by plant breeders.
limheezing of deep uercooled water In cold-hardened 3-year-old stems of 16 woody taxa was studied in mid-January by dfe al termal analysis lme ndation erare and the size of the low Wemperature exodthn (LTE) (Lonicera X), box elder (Acer negundo L.), May day tree (Prunus padus commutata Dipp.), and red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.). The temperature at the time ofcollection was -25°C and the samples were held at -18°C or lower unless otherwise noted. Some samples were stored outside in sealed plastic bags for approximately 2 weeks. The temperature during this period never exceeded -18°C.Hardinss Determinations Hardiness was determined for thawed and nonthawed samples:Thawed Samples. Stem pieces were brought into the laboratory at 21°C and prepared for freezing. Preparation time was approximately 30 min. Stem pieces 8 to 10 cm in length were placed in aluminum weighing dishes, covered with snow and transferred to the freezing chamber at -3°C. Six stem pieces were used for each selected test temperature (10 in total) at 50C intervals. The samples were maintained at -30C for 10 h and then cooled at 2°C/h as described by Gusta et al. (5).Nonthawed Samples. The samples were prepared outside at -200C and transferred to the freezing chamber at -200C. Upon reaching a selected test temperature, the samples were removed from the freezer, thawed at 0°C overnight and then transferred to a sand bed enclosed in plastic. After 2 weeks, the stem pieces were rated for survival by examination of tissue browning.
. 1988. Dehydration of dormant apple buds at different stages of cold acclimation to induce cryopreservability in different cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 68: 1169-1176. Survival in liquid nitrogen of dormant vegetative buds from several cold-hardened apple cultivars was greater with buds which were dehydrated prior to cryopreservation than with nondehydrated buds. Buds collected early in the cold-acclimating period suffered injury as a result of dehydration, but the percent survival of the dehydrated buds, after storage in iiquid nitrogen, was greater than that of nondehydrated buds.As cold acclimation progressed, buds became more resistant to the dehydration stress and survival in liquid nitrogen increased fbllowing dehydration for all cultivars. Survival
Tyr_En.N.J..GusTe.L.V..rNoFo\\'r-En.D.B. 1981.-I'heinfluenceof nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the cold acclimation of winter whcal (Tritittm aestivwn L.) Can. J. Plant Sci. 61: [879][880][881][882][883][884][885] Miner;rl nutrition influcnced the rate of cold acclimation and the level of hardiness attaine,cl by winter wheat plants grown in The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of varying levels of N, P and K in nutrient solutions on the development of cold hardiness of winter wheat crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialFolltru ing gerntination on moistencd paper tou els at 25'C. Kharki RESULTS Growth of PlantsPlants growing in solutions with low nitrogen had panially yellowed leaves. stunted shoot growth and an extensive root system (Fig. l).
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