The cultivation of medicinal plants is currently the main way of providing the pharmaceutical industry with raw materials for obtaining biologically active substances for the production of drugs. The use of natural resources of wild species is decreasing every year for a number of reasons, the biotechnological method has not been properly expanded yet, and in some cases it is possible to reproduce only a part of the complex of target biologically active substances contained in an intact plant. In recent years, a positive growth trend has been outlined in the domestic production of medicinal starting materials of herbal origin. However, there are a number of problematic issues that inhibit the development of medicinal plant growing and lead to a certain stagnation. These are general legislative and organizational problems, as well as deterioration or deficiency of material resources – basic production assets, lack of comprehensive mechanization, shortage of qualified specialists and a number of other obstacles. Nevertheless, the actively growing demand for high-quality raw materials from medicinal plant both in our country and abroad opens up great prospects for the development of medicinal plant production. It should be noted that the analysis of the current state of collection and cultivation of medicinal plants in Russia is poorly developed or is practically absent. The paper examines the current state of medicinal plant production; attempts are made to identify the main problems and possible growth points. Finding solutions to the problems and using the growth points show promise for the transformation of medicinal plant production into an industry with a large import substituting and export potential.
Relevance.Meeting the needs of the pharmaceutical industry with domestic medicinal raw materials is relevant. Methods.The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness application by growth regulator, organomineral and microfertilizers on Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) in conditions of Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The experimental part of the work was performed in Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in 2010-2011 and 2016-2017 by field experiments. On burdock we tested fertilizer Siliplant (0.5 l / ha): the first treatment was in the rosette phase, the second - after 20 days. On sage studied binary mixture of organomineral fertilizer EcoFys (1 l / ha) with fertilizer Zitovit (0.5 l / ha; applied in phase regrowth of plants) with following foliar application by complex microfertilizers Siliplant (0.5 l / ha) and growth regulator Zircon (40 ml / ha). The solution consumption is 300 l / ha.Results. The effectiveness of chelated form micro-fertilizers and organomineral fertilizers applied on various medicinal plants was shown. It has been established, that complex application by EcoFys+Zitovit (I treatment) and microfertilizer Siliplant with growth regulator Zircon (II treatment) can increase the productivity of Sage: yield of grass raised by 23%, roots by 40%. Similar results were obtained on the Greater Burdock culture – treatment of plants with microfertilizer Siliplant allowed to increase the yield of roots by 28%, leaves-by 24%.
Introduction. The article presents the results of the use of growth regulators and micro-fertilizers on the medicinal culture namely Polemonium ceruleum L. according to the concept of exogenous bioregulation of growth processes, the productivity of raw materials and the content of biologically active substances in raw materials. Rhizomes with roots of this species (Rhizomata cum radicibus Polemonii) are included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia 14th edition as an expectorant. The purpose of this work is to identify the possibility of increasing the yield and quality of Polemonium caeruleum medicinal plant raw materials with foliar treatment by Hardy’s retardant, Siliplant micronutrient fertilizer, Zircon growth regulator and their tank mixture under conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Experiments to study the effect of Siliplant microfertilizer, Zircon growth regulator, their tank mixture, and Hardy’s retardant on the growth, development and bioproductivity of Polemonium caeruleum plants was conducted in 2019-2020 in the field crop rotation at the All-Russia Medicinal Plants Research Institute (VILAR). In the second and third years of the growing season, two treatments of plants were performed with preparations at the following consumption rates: Siliplant (1 l / ha), Zircon (50 ml / ha), Siliplant (1 l / ha) + Zircon 50 ml / ha), Hardy (0, 2 l/ha), in the control plants were treated with water. Consumption of solution - 300 l / ha. The first treatment was conducted in the budding phase (2nd decade of May), the second - two weeks after the first. The quantitative content of triterpene saponins in terms of β-escin in medicinal raw materials was determined according to the Russian Farmacopeia (FS 2.5.0039.15). Results. Microfertilizer Siliplant and Hardy retardant increased the yield of roots and rhizomes of Polemonium caeruleum plants by 0.24 and 0.16 t/ha, respectively. The highest content of biologically active substances was observed in plants treated with Siliplant, Siliplant + Zircon and Hardy, the excess over the control was 22 %, 11 %, and 7 %, respectively, while in the variant with the growth regulator Zircon the opposite picture was observed – the content of biologically active substances on 14 % less. The tests carried out showed that all experimental options for seed yield and weight of 1000 pcs. outnumbered control. The greatest increase in seed yield was observed in the Siliplant and Hardy variants (25 and 17 %, respectively). The Siliplant + Zircon and Zircon variants showed lower efficiency – the excess was 11 and 6 %. In addition, the treatment of plants with all studied preparations is an effective method of increasing sowing qualities: energy of seed germination increases by 50-63 % and germinating capacity by 6-13 %. Conclusion. The results of the study are relevant for the development of environmentally friendly agricultural technologies for the cultivation of Polemonium cаeruleum medicinal crops.
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