Study of polymorphic genes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α) in patients with occupational allergic dermatoses showed significantly higher frequency of polymorphic variants of cytokine genes IL4 C589T, IL10 C819T, IL10 G1082A, IL10 C592A, and TNF G308A in comparison with the population control. The presence of homozygous variant IL10 G1082A--AA in 80% cases characterizes early disease development, i.e. within 3 years after the first exposure to the occupational factor.
The main direction of the state social policy is to ensure the priority of preserving and improving the health of the working population as the most important productive force of society, determining the national security of the country and its economic development. On the background of the projected decline in the ratio of the population of working age and older than able-bodied, an important task is to prevent the development of occupational and other diseases, to reduce cases of early loss of ability to work. One of the indicators of the deterioration of the workers health is a significant weighting of the primary pathology detected, the predominance of chronic diseases leading to loss of working capacity. For a number of reasons, occupational diseases are more often detected in the late stages of development, when irreversible changes in the body already occur. Assessing the harmful effects of working conditions and reducing it to the level of acceptable risks allows you to preserve the professional health of employees, prevent the development of professional and production-related pathology. Especially important in this case is the examination of trained workers in order to identify early signs of exposure to harmful production factors, including preventing the development of their pronounced forms, conducting an examination of professional suitability and examination of the connection of the disease with the profession, early diagnosis of general somatic diseases as a predisposing and aggravating factor in the formation of occupational diseases. In workers who have been in contact with a harmful and(or) dangerous production factor for a long time, individual pathognomonic disorders are observed in the early stages, without the formation of a clearly defined clinical syndrome, which is not enough to establish a clinical diagnosis of the disease but suggests the development of early signs of a specific effect of the factor. Early detection of signs of occupational diseases is most effective and feasible in the process of periodic medical examinations of employees, including in occupational pathology centers, and should serve as a basis for subsequent therapeutic and preventive measures to reduce the risks of developing occupational pathology. Based on the results of the literature analysis, it should be concluded that there is a need for modernization and modification of preventive measures, which are the basis for creating conditions for preserving the health and longevity of the working population of the country Ethics. The study was carried out in compliance with ethical standards.
Introduction.Occupational environment and occupational factors determine peculiarities in mastering marine occupations. Some unfavorable occupational educational and ecologic factors appear to cause high level of physical and psychoemotional stress.Objectiveis to study features of adaptation to study during occupational training in marine specialties in cadets of a higher marine educational institution, and to conduct medical and psychological rehabilitation.Material and methods.Examination covered 120 male cadets of 3rd and 4thyears of study: 70 (main group) and 50 (reference group). The age of the cadets was 21±0.4 years. To study characteristics of the cadets’ adaptation, the authors used psychological methods — Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Scale and Nemchin’s «Method measuring severity of neuropsychic stress». Statistical analysis was performed with software «Statistica for Windows 10.0».Study results and discussion.After 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets appeared to be dysadapted. Deep clinical and laboratory studies proved that 39.4% of the examinees were apparently healthy and 60.6% of those had chronic diseases. Thus, a system of medical psychologic rehabilitation was designed, comprising primary and secondary prophylaxis methods. One of these prevention methods is a recovery complex of measures with intermittent normobaric hypoxia modified by us. The authors determined optimal regime of using intermittent normobaric hypoxia combined with medical rehabilitation.Conclusions.Adaptational state in cadets of high marine educational institution during professional training in marine occupations is characterized by increased psycho-emotional strain, anxiety and observed in 57.3% of the examinees. Findings are that after 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets are dysadapted. To prevent morbidity and preserve health, the authors suggested a system of medical and psychologic rehabilitation including intermittent normobaric hypoxia with rehabilitation medical complex. The medical and prophylactic measures help to solve problems of psycho-emotional stress, lower morbidity parameters, prevent dysadaptation disorders, relieve functional overstrain. That preserves and improves the cadets’ health and forms an important stage in prevention of mental and behavioral disorders related to work.
prevalence of respiratory problems. However, little is known about the respiratory health of coffee plantation workers. Methods A case-control study was carried out, whose sample was obtained by convenience sampling in four coffee farms in the region of Lavras/MG. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire, occupational history collection, qualitative evaluation of work environments, spirometry and measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Results 63 workers were evaluated (median age 43 years/tillage time 11 years). The general population has a chronic cough rate of 3.1%, wheezing of 23.5% and dyspnea (MRC1) of 36.9% (PLATINO, 2006). In this study, coffee farmers had a higher prevalence only in the cough, rate of 6.6%. This symptom was also found among coffee plantation workers in Tanzania (23%) and also in Uganda in the Arabica and Robusta coffee factories. The group of workers also presented a tendency to lower values of FEV1 and still higher values of FeNO, but without reaching statistical significance. This finding was also found in another study in coffee plantations in Tanzania in which a rate of 13% FeNO above 25 ppb was observed among workers. Conclusion Due to the importance of coffee for the Brazilian economy and the significant number of coffee workers, new studies with larger samples are necessary to verify the hypothesis and to guide health and preventive actions regarding respiratory problems in these workers 786 SARCOIDOSIS IN TWO WORKERS MAKING LIGHT BULBS
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