Regional social and economic development is characterized by presence of wide imbalances in structure of industry specialization, which are largely due to spatial development of individual territories. As part of a statistical study of agro-industrial complex development in regions of Russia, uneven agricultural development of certain territories, their involvement, as well as degree of participation in single national economic complex of the country are reflected. At the level of statistical significance, two of the region's most important in terms of accumulated agro-industrial potential are identified -Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region. Based on the account of a wide range of socio-economic indicators, the subjects of the Russian Federation were ranked by integral indicator of development of agricultural sector and by urbanization level. The regions dominating for certain types of agricultural indicators were identified and their general dynamics over a long period of statistical observations were reflected. In the process of the research, a general conclusion is made step by step about development opportunities of agro-industrial complex in the regions in strategy for sustainable development of rural territories not only at the territorial level, but, more significantly, at the federal and local levels. In order to develop rural territories, among other things, it is necessary to create imperative social conditions that will preserve existing national economic potential and ensure fulfillment of not only production, but also demographic, cultural, historical and laborfunction in the village.Аннотация. Региональное социально-экономическое развитие характеризуется наличием широких дисбалансов в структуре отраслевой специализации, которые во многом обусловлены особенностями пространственного развития отдельных территорий. В рамках проведенного статистического исследования развития АПК по регионам России отражена неравномерность агропромышленного развития отдельных территорий, их вовлеченность, а также степень участия в едином народнохозяйственном комплексе страны. На уровне статистической значимости выделены два наиболее важных по уровню накопленного агропромышленного потенциала региона -Краснодарский край и Ростовская область. На основе учета широкого круга социально-экономических индикаторов проведено ранжирование субъектов РФ по интегральному показателю развития АПК и по степени урбанизации. Целью проводимого исследования являлось определение доминирующих регионов по интегральному показателю развития АПК на основе исследования статистической динамики по отдельным видам сельскохозяйственных показателей за продолжительный период наблюдений. Результатом проведенного исследования стало формирование рейтинговой оценки субъектов РФ по интегрированному показателю агропромышленного развития. В процессе исследования поэтапно производится общий вывод о необходимости учета возможностей развития АПК регионов в стратегии устойчивого развития сельских территорий не только на территориальном уровне, но, что более значим...
Most forestry machinery today has a wheel-driven engine, and its tyre pressure has a significant impact on the compaction and degradation of the forest soil, causing environmental damages. Not only the durability of the tyres but also the driving characteristics and productivity of wheeled forest machines depend on the correct choice of pressure and competent operation. This work aims to analyse modern tyre pressure control technologies to develop an automated tyre pressure control system for wheeled forest machinery and lower the environmental impact. A new tyre pressure control system in forest machines was developed using a PressurePro solution, which contributes to a lower negative influence on the soil and reduces expenses for diagnostics and fuel. The study results of the tyre-to-ground contact pressure show that the installation of an automatic tyre pressure control system leads to its decrease by 20%. However, as the number of passes increases, the pressure might slightly increase. The study of humus content and soil compaction demonstrates that reduced tyre pressure and its automatic control contribute to a minimal reduction in humus content and soil compaction over time. Installation of the tyre pressure and temperature control system on forestry machines allows the system to be implemented quickly due to the simplicity of installation and operation.
Establishment of favorable organizational and territorial conditions for land use of farms, elimination of violations in the use of agricultural land and effective implementation of state support measures aimed at the development of agricultural cooperation require studying the methodology of organizing the territory and production of farms, as well as developing a strategy for their development on the basis of land management projects. Actual approaches to improve the territorial development of farms were developed by the authors based on the experience of the Tula region.
The relevance of the research is to justify one of the possible ways to link the results of agricultural land use with their quality and measures of agro-industrial impact. The aim of the study was to identify the correlation between the sets of variables that characterize various aspects of agricultural land use in the Moscow region. The obtained results and conclusions of the research can be used for formation an interregional platform for the exchange of experience and knowledge, preparation analytical materials for relevant government decisions aimed at acceleration of innovative development in rural areas, and draw up and update longterm national and regional programs of economic development.
Conventionally, crop cultivation technologies are improved by developing (creating) more effective elements and implementing them in a fragmented way using a transformational approach. It has been found that a morphological approach is more promising and effective for these purposes when creating and implementing the holistic production agricultural technologies and the corresponding technological systems. For its implementation, the methods of engineering design of complex systems are proposed to be used. The presented paper outlines the main methodological issues of engineering technological design of agricultural cultivation technologies. The purpose of the research is the development of methodological provisions for the formation and selection of promising technological processes in technological modules when cultivating crops. To form options of technologies, the methods of morphological analysis are used. When selecting acceptable, promising and effective options for the designed projects, the decision-making theory methods are used. The analysis of scientific works shows that almost all the presented models have the same drawback: the lack of a mechanism for the formation and selection of promising technological processes implemented in a particular technology and so far, there is no effective methodological approach for its implementation. According to the results of scientific research, it was found that in the formation of systems of mechanization of plant growing processes, it is advisable to use the methods and techniques of engineering design of individual technological processes and technical equipment that have not been developed so far. A block hierarchical approach to the designing of crop production agricultural technologies is proposed. In the design process, the following basic principles must be maintained: a systematic approach, focus on obtaining optimal solutions, a comprehensive (multi-criteria) approach, a functional approach, iterative design process, focus on the final result, a combination of formalized and heuristic methods, the principle of open systems, the principle of modeling objects, the principle of functional completeness, etc. A general logical scheme of the process of engineering design of agricultural plant technology objects is proposed, where the main stages and design stages, design tasks and the main methods for solving them are defined.
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