Project designing of crop production agricultural technologies

Abstract

Conventionally, crop cultivation technologies are improved by developing (creating) more effective elements and implementing them in a fragmented way using a transformational approach. It has been found that a morphological approach is more promising and effective for these purposes when creating and implementing the holistic production agricultural technologies and the corresponding technological systems. For its implementation, the methods of engineering design of complex systems are proposed to be used. The presented paper outlines the main methodological issues of engineering technological design of agricultural cultivation technologies. The purpose of the research is the development of methodological provisions for the formation and selection of promising technological processes in technological modules when cultivating crops. To form options of technologies, the methods of morphological analysis are used. When selecting acceptable, promising and effective options for the designed projects, the decision-making theory methods are used. The analysis of scientific works shows that almost all the presented models have the same drawback: the lack of a mechanism for the formation and selection of promising technological processes implemented in a particular technology and so far, there is no effective methodological approach for its implementation. According to the results of scientific research, it was found that in the formation of systems of mechanization of plant growing processes, it is advisable to use the methods and techniques of engineering design of individual technological processes and technical equipment that have not been developed so far. A block hierarchical approach to the designing of crop production agricultural technologies is proposed. In the design process, the following basic principles must be maintained: a systematic approach, focus on obtaining optimal solutions, a comprehensive (multi-criteria) approach, a functional approach, iterative design process, focus on the final result, a combination of formalized and heuristic methods, the principle of open systems, the principle of modeling objects, the principle of functional completeness, etc. A general logical scheme of the process of engineering design of agricultural plant technology objects is proposed, where the main stages and design stages, design tasks and the main methods for solving them are defined.