Optical solder" effects of self-written waveguides are systematically studied throughout coupling experiment of conventional multi-mode optical fiber for communication use (core diameter = 50 pm). The waveguide easily connects two optical fibers under significant longitudinal and lateral misalignment. The results clearly show that the present coupling method is very effective. Under 1000 p longitudinal misalignment, the coupling loss significantly decreases after the waveguide formation even when lateral misalignment exists to some extent. With 30 pm lateral misalignment, the coupling loss is only 1 dB; 40 pm lateral misalignment still gives rather low loss value, 2 dB. The method is also successfully applied to connect two fibersWe are investigating easy, convenient and accurate coupling methods for optical components using self-written waveguides [8-lo]. A typical example of self-written waveguide, formed from conventional multi-mode optical fiber (MMF) is shown in Fig. 1. Various types of self-written waveguides have also been reported by several researchers [l-71. The mechanism is based on very fundamental principle of photosensitive medium, such as UV curable resin, under the condition that the refractive index increases after exposing the medium by light. When light is introduced from an optical fiber edge in the photosensitive medium, the light is guided in the exposed area due to the refractive index change. Thus, an optical waveguide is induced along light propagating axis and whose edges are non-cleaved (fractured). The coupling loss is fully comparable with that of cleaved fiber coupling. Though the refractive index similarity simply explains this interesting V-groove filled with unexposed resin MMF \ \Exposed resiy (self-written waveguide) phenomenon, the result can be regarded as another remarkable feature of this unique coupling method; i.e., very commonly required edge treatment of optical waveguides is not necessary for the optical coupling. Some analysis of all-solid type selfwritten waveguides is also described. 0-7803-7430-4/02/$17.00 02002 IEEE 268 2002 Electronic Components and Technology Conference
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