Optical solder effects of self-written waveguides in optical circuit devices coupling

Hirose, N.; Ibaragi, O.

doi:10.1109/ectc.2003.1216433

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The uneven surface may arise from modal effects as the fiber has several modes at the excitation wavelength, or may be the onset of nonlinear instabilities as studied by [13]. This phenomenon has not been noticed with waveguides written at the end of multimode waveguides using high power lasers [11], [20], [21], which suggests that either the small physical size, or few-moded nature of the fiber are important here. Fig.…”

Section: Waveguide Geometry and Featuresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Long Free-Standing Polymer Waveguides Fabricated Between Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cores

Mohammed

Wadsworth

2015

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Polymer waveguides with different lengths have been fabricated between two single mode fibers by using a new approach of self-writing using single photon polymerization via a xenon lamp instead of a monochromatic laser source. A photopolymerizable liquid drop deposited between two aligned fibers forms a polymer bridge between the cores of the two fibers when irradiated by light from one of the fibers. Polymer waveguides bridges 40 to 600 μm long have been fabricated between two optical fibers with single mode transmission loss 0.5 to 1.26 dB over a broad wavelength range.

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Section: Waveguide Geometry and Featuresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Long Free-Standing Polymer Waveguides Fabricated Between Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cores

Mohammed

Wadsworth

2015

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…A considerable amount of work on such junctions has been carried out by Hirose et al [129,130]. They used an acrylate type UV-curable resin, under UV illumination, to produce waveguides.…”

Section: Self-written Waveguides (Swws)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hologram Storage and Self-Written Waveguides Formation in Photopolymer Media

Malallah

Kelly

et al. 2017

Polymers

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Abstract:Photopolymer materials have received a great deal of attention because they are inexpensive, self-processing materials that are extremely versatile, offering many advantages over more traditional materials. To achieve their full potential, there is significant value in understanding the photophysical and photochemical processes taking place within such materials. This paper includes a brief review of recent attempts to more fully understand what is needed to optimize the performance of photopolymer materials for Holographic Data Storage (HDS) and Self-Written Waveguides (SWWs) applications. Specifically, we aim to discuss the evolution of our understanding of what takes place inside these materials and what happens during photopolymerization process, with the objective of further improving the performance of such materials. Starting with a review of the photosensitizer absorptivity, a dye model combining the associated electromagnetics and photochemical kinetics is presented. Thereafter, the optimization of photopolymer materials for HDS and SWWs applications is reviewed. It is clear that many promising materials are being developed for the next generation optical applications media.

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“…Sensitivity to light occurs quickly, which is typically reproduced during the photo polymerization process. These characteristics facilitate the investigation of self-writing by producing consistent experimental results and making them suitable for device applications [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Other advantages include their optical quality (a relatively low scatter), low cost, good spatial frequency response and, for volume ratings, high diffraction efficiency [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguide Technique

et al. 2020

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This study is novel for several reasons: We used a thin drop cast layer of dry photosensitive materials to study the behaviors of wet photopolymer media using microscopic distances during the Self-Written Waveguide (SWW) process; then, we examined the self-trajectories formed inside the solid material. The results provide a framework for theoretical and experimental examinations by handling the effects of manipulating the alignment of fibers. The other main advantage of these techniques is their lightweight, easy to process, highly flexible, and ultimately low-cost nature. First, the SWW process in wet photopolymer media (liquid solutions) was examined under three cases: single-, counter-, and co-fiber exposure. Then, the SWWs formed inside the solid material were examined along with the effects of manipulating the alignment of the fibers. In all cases, high precision measurements were used to position the fiber optic cables (FOCs) before exposure using a microscope. The self-writing process was indirectly monitored by observing (imaging) the light emerging from the side of the material sample during SWW formation. In this way, we examined the optical waveguide trajectories formed in Acrylamide/Polyvinyl Alcohol (AA/PVA), a photopolymer material (sensitized at 532 nm). First, the transmission of light by this material is characterized. Then, the bending and merging of the waveguides that occur are investigated. The predictions of our model are shown to qualitatively agree with the observed trajectories. The largest index changes taking place at any time during exposure, i.e., during SWW formation, are shown to take place at the positions where the largest exposure light intensity is present. Typically, such maxima exist close to the input face. The first maximum is referred to as the location of the Primary Eye. Other local maxima also appear further along the SWW and are referred to as Secondary Eyes, i.e., eyes deeper within the material.

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Optical solder effects of self-written waveguides in optical circuit devices coupling

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Long Free-Standing Polymer Waveguides Fabricated Between Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cores

Long Free-Standing Polymer Waveguides Fabricated Between Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cores

A Review of Hologram Storage and Self-Written Waveguides Formation in Photopolymer Media

Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguide Technique

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