A Review of Hologram Storage and Self-Written Waveguides Formation in Photopolymer Media

Malallah, Ra’ed; Li, Haoyu; Kelly, Damien P.; Healy, John J.; Sheridan, John T.

doi:10.3390/polym9080337

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…First, the liquid photopolymer material is examined. The photopolymer material preparation is discussed in [ 34 ]. The material’s composition and preparation are similar to those used for holography.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguide Technique

et al. 2020

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This study is novel for several reasons: We used a thin drop cast layer of dry photosensitive materials to study the behaviors of wet photopolymer media using microscopic distances during the Self-Written Waveguide (SWW) process; then, we examined the self-trajectories formed inside the solid material. The results provide a framework for theoretical and experimental examinations by handling the effects of manipulating the alignment of fibers. The other main advantage of these techniques is their lightweight, easy to process, highly flexible, and ultimately low-cost nature. First, the SWW process in wet photopolymer media (liquid solutions) was examined under three cases: single-, counter-, and co-fiber exposure. Then, the SWWs formed inside the solid material were examined along with the effects of manipulating the alignment of the fibers. In all cases, high precision measurements were used to position the fiber optic cables (FOCs) before exposure using a microscope. The self-writing process was indirectly monitored by observing (imaging) the light emerging from the side of the material sample during SWW formation. In this way, we examined the optical waveguide trajectories formed in Acrylamide/Polyvinyl Alcohol (AA/PVA), a photopolymer material (sensitized at 532 nm). First, the transmission of light by this material is characterized. Then, the bending and merging of the waveguides that occur are investigated. The predictions of our model are shown to qualitatively agree with the observed trajectories. The largest index changes taking place at any time during exposure, i.e., during SWW formation, are shown to take place at the positions where the largest exposure light intensity is present. Typically, such maxima exist close to the input face. The first maximum is referred to as the location of the Primary Eye. Other local maxima also appear further along the SWW and are referred to as Secondary Eyes, i.e., eyes deeper within the material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All cases studied involve the use of a Gaussian mode as the writing beam, i.e., the writing beams are input using single mode optical fibers. The material preparations for the cases examined here are described in detail in [ 34 ].…”

Section: Self-written Waveguide Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguide Technique

et al. 2020

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“…the writing beams are input using single mode optical fibers. The material preparation for the cases examined here is described in detail in [34].…”

Section: Self-written Waveguide Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the liquid photopolymer material is examined. The preparation of the photopolymer material has been discussed in [34]. The material composition and reparation is similar to that used for holography.…”

Section: Liquid Photopolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguides Technique

Malallah¹,

Cassidy²,

Wan³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In this paper, first the Self-Written Waveguide (SWW) process in wet photopolymer media (liquid solutions), are examined for three examples: single-, counter-, and co-fibers exposure. Then the SWWs formed inside solid material are examined including the effects of manipulating the alignment of the fibers. In all cases high precision measurements are used to position the fiber optic cables (FOCs) before exposure using a microscope. The self-writing process is indirectly monitored by observing (imaging) the light emerging from the side of the material sample during SWW formation. In this way the optical waveguide trajectories formed in an Acrylamide/Polyvinyl Alcohol (AA/PVA) a photopolymer material (sensitized at 532 nm) are examined. First the transmission of light by this material is characterized. Then the bending and merging of the waveguides which occur are investigated. The predictions of our model are shown to qualitatively agree with the observed trajectories. The largest index changes taking place at any time during the exposure, i.e. during SWW formation, are shown to take place at the positions where the largest exposure light intensity is present. Typically, such maxima exist close to the input face and the first maximum is referred to as the location of the Primary Eye. Other local maxima also appear further along the SWW and are referred to as Secondary Eyes, i.e. deeper within the material.

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“…Applied to holographic technologies, the most widely considered in the literature are photopolymerizable acrylamide (AA/PVA) compositions [1,2], compositions with the introduction of various additives to obtain new properties, including liquid crystals [3,4] and inorganic nanoparticles [5][6][7], materials with a diffusion recording mechanism (PQ/PMMA) [8,9]. The processes in materials, their properties, as well as the properties of holographic elements for various practical applications, including data storage [10,11], sensors [12], protective elements [13], and elements of holographic solar concentrators [14,15] are studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Photopolymer Materials in Holographic Technologies

Vorzobova

Sokolov

2019

Polymers

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The possibility of the application of acrylate compositions and Bayfol HX photopolymers in holographic technologies is considered. The holographic characteristics of materials, their advantages, and limitations in relation to the tasks of obtaining holographic elements based on periodic structures are given. The conditions for obtaining controlled two and multichannel diffraction beam splitters are determined with advantages in terms of the simplicity of the fabrication process. The diffraction and selective properties of volume and hybrid periodic structures by radiation incidence in a wide range of angles in three-dimensional space are investigated, and new properties are identified that are of interest for the development of elements of holographic solar concentrators with advantages in the material used and the range of incidence angles. A new application of polymer materials in a new method of holographic 3D printing for polymer objects with arbitrary shape fabrication based on the projection of a holographic image of the object into the volume of photopolymerizable material is proposed, the advantage of which, relative to additive 3D printing technologies, is the elimination of the sequential synthesis of a three-dimensional object. The factors determining the requirements for the material, fabrication conditions, and properties of three-dimensional objects are identified and investigated.

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A Review of Hologram Storage and Self-Written Waveguides Formation in Photopolymer Media

Cited by 52 publications

References 144 publications

Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguide Technique

Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguide Technique

Optical Trajectory Manipulations Using the Self-Written Waveguides Technique

Application of Photopolymer Materials in Holographic Technologies

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