-Introduction. Losses in West African commercial mango orchards due to fruit fly infestations have exceeded 50% by the middle of the crop season since 2005, resulting in considerable income loss for the growers. Materials and methods. In 2009, weekly monitoring of adult fruit fly species of economic significance was carried out in eight West African countries at 12 sites across five agroecological zones: (i) Humid Forest, (ii) Guinean savanna, (iii) Southern Sudan, (iv) Northern Sudan, and (v) Sahelian. Trapping was performed using methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate in 288 Tephritraps, targeting Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra. Results. The data showed that B. invadens was present throughout the year in the Forest zone, abundant for 7 months, with a peak in May at the end of the mango season, C. cosyra being totally absent. In the Guinean savanna zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6-7 months, with a peak at the beginning of June coinciding with the season, with a few C. cosyra. In the Southern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6 months, with a peak in mid-June during the season, C. cosyra peaking in April. In the Northern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 5 months, with a peak at the end of June at the end of the season, C. cosyra peaking in May. In the Sahelian zone, B. invadens was abundant for 4 months, peaking in August during the season, C. cosyra peaking just before. These preliminary results showed that the exotic species, B. invadens, was present at high levels [mean peak of 378 flies per trap per day (FTD)] in all agro-ecological zones, while the native species, C. cosyra, preferred the drier zones of West Africa, with lower population levels (mean peak of 77 FTD). Conclusion. Detection trapping of male flies with parapheromones is a useful indicator of field population levels and could be used to deploy control measures (IPM package) in a timely manner when the Economic Injury Level is reached. Control strategies for these quarantine mango fruit fly species are discussed with respect to agro-ecological zones and the phenological stages of the mango tree.West Africa / Mangifera indica / fruits / exports / Bactrocera invadens / Ceratitis cosyra / agroclimatic zones / plant developmental stages Dynamique annuelle des populations de mouches des fruits du manguier en Afrique de l'Ouest: aspects socio-économiques, phénologie de l'hôte et implications pour leur gestion.Résumé -Introduction. En Afrique de l'Ouest les pertes dues aux mouches des fruits dépassent 50 % pour les cultivars d'intérêt commercial à partir du milieu de la campagne mangue depuis 2005, impliquant des pertes considérables de revenus pour les planteurs. Matériel et méthodes. En 2009, le suivi hebdomadaire des adultes de mouches des fruits a été mené simultanément dans huit pays ouest-africains au niveau de 12 sites différents dans cinq zones agro-écologiques : (i) forêt humide, (ii) savane guinéenne, (iii) soudanienne méridionale, (iv) soudanienne septentrionale, (v) sahélienne. Le piégeage des adultes a ét...
Chez le palmier à huile, le taux de nouaison des fruits est fortement lié à la densité des populations d'insectes pollinisateurs. Les populations du principal pollinisateur, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, ont été suivies dans le but d'identifier les facteurs influençant leurs fluctuations. Des prélèvements d'épillets ont été effectués sur les inflorescences mâles et des captures ont été réalisées sur les inflorescences femelles dans trois localités pendant 24 mois. Les résultats ont montré qu'à La Mé, le nombre d'inflorescences mâles influence positivement le nombre d'E. kamerunicus/épillet (r = 0,81 ; p ˂ 0,0001) et le nombre d'E. kamerunicus visitant les fleurs femelles (r = 0,77 ; p ˂ 0,0001). A Grand-Béréby, le nombre d'E. kamerunicus/épillet est corrélé négativement (r =-0,46 ; p = 0,027) avec le nombre de jours de pluies et positivement (r = 0,51; p = 0,012) avec l'insolation. A Iboké, les densités sur les inflorescences mâles et femelles sont influencées négativement par le nombre de jours de pluies (r =-0,45 ; p = 0,028 et r =-0,51 ; p = 0,027). Ainsi, l'abondance d'E. kamerunicus dans les plantations dépend en partie du nombre d'inflorescences mâles, de la pluie et de l'insolation.
Fruit flies are major pest in West Africa. In Côte-d'Ivoire, they caused heavy losses. Thus, preventive measures are taken to reduce their damage. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of Success Appat ® and Proteus 170 O-TEQ against fruit. Traps baited with sexual attractants were set in mango orchards and their contents were collected each week. Bait and insecticide were renewed each month. Three orchards were treated with Success Appat ® and three with Proteus 170 O-TEQ, respectively and their untreated orchards were selected. Mangoes were collected in treated and untreated orchards to assess the attack and infestation rates of orchards. Eight species of fruit flies were recorded. Bactrocera invadens was highly captured in different orchards. Orchards treated with Success Appat ® have a lower rates of attack (11.7 ± 3.52%) and infection (02.32 ± 1.6 pupae/ kg.f) than the untreated orchards, (41.05 ± 7.6%) and (34.4 ± 8.18 pupae/ kg.f), respectively. Equally, orchards treated with Proteus 170 O-TEQ showed lower rates of attack (13.59 ± 5.38%) and infection (05.86 ± 4.08 pupae/ kg.f) than untreated (47.37 ± 10.95%) and (44.72 ± 15.64 pupae/ kg.f), respectively. Insecticides Success Appat ® and Proteus 170 O-TEQ significantly reduced the damage of fruit flies in orchards.
Abundance of fruit flies in the fruit production zones of Côte d'Ivoire: dynamics of the populations of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Abstract:Mango is the third largest export fruit in Côte d'Ivoire. However, its yield is limited by the damage caused by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study aimed at assessing the trapping system for fruit fly detection and monitoring in mango orchards in Northern Côte d'Ivoire. Four sites were selected in Northern Côte d'Ivoire in mango production area and in timber yard areas. Five trapping systems were tested: two food attractants (torula yeast, CeraTrap) and three sex attractants (methyl eugenol, trimedlure, cue-lure). Plastic bottles were used for food attractants and commercial traps for sex attractants. Five traps per treatment with three repetitions per site were set up. Ten species of flies have been identified: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, Ceratitis anonae, C. bremii, C. capitata, C. cosyra, C. punctata, Dacus ciliatus, D. punctatifrons and Dacus spp.. Among these species, B. dorsalis was dominant. It was captured by 94.04% and 90.94%, respectively, in mango orchards and forest areas included wild fruits. The average number of individuals captured varied from one species to another, depending on the attractants. This average was estimated to 379.91, 27.58, 25.55, 15.1 and 11.93, respectively, for méthyl eugénol, torula yeast, CeraTrap, cue-lure, trimedlure. The attractants have shown their specificity in capturing fly species. Methyl eugenol had the highest capture and was the most effective.
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