Assessment of Fruit Fly Trapping System in Mango Orchards in Northern Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Abstract:Mango is the third largest export fruit in Côte d'Ivoire. However, its yield is limited by the damage caused by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study aimed at assessing the trapping system for fruit fly detection and monitoring in mango orchards in Northern Côte d'Ivoire. Four sites were selected in Northern Côte d'Ivoire in mango production area and in timber yard areas. Five trapping systems were tested: two food attractants (torula yeast, CeraTrap) and three sex attractants (methyl eugenol, trimedlure, cue-lure). Plastic bottles were used for food attractants and commercial traps for sex attractants. Five traps per treatment with three repetitions per site were set up. Ten species of flies have been identified: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, Ceratitis anonae, C. bremii, C. capitata, C. cosyra, C. punctata, Dacus ciliatus, D. punctatifrons and Dacus spp.. Among these species, B. dorsalis was dominant. It was captured by 94.04% and 90.94%, respectively, in mango orchards and forest areas included wild fruits. The average number of individuals captured varied from one species to another, depending on the attractants. This average was estimated to 379.91, 27.58, 25.55, 15.1 and 11.93, respectively, for méthyl eugénol, torula yeast, CeraTrap, cue-lure, trimedlure. The attractants have shown their specificity in capturing fly species. Methyl eugenol had the highest capture and was the most effective.

Fruit fly surveillance in Togo (West Africa): state of diversity and prevalence of species

“…The very high proportions and prevalence of B. dorsalis in all the mango orchards in Togo is an evidence that this invasive species has settled in Togo and has undoubtedly constituted a threat to mango and other fruits production. (Bota et al 2018(Bota et al , 2020N'Da 2018;Zida et al 2020). The high proportion and prevalence of B. dorsalis in mango orchards do not seem to be explained solely by the effectiveness of the attractant used for this species but mainly by its very good adaptation to the agro-ecological conditions of the study area.…”

“…Those identified represent 77% Meyer 2005;De Meyer et al 2013). The flies identified up to species level were those of the Dacinae subfamily reported in Togo and other countries of the afrotropical region (Amevoin 2009;Ouédraogo et al 2011;Gomina et al 2012;De Meyer et al 2013;N'Da 2018;Zida et al 2020). The relatively high species richness obtained with a single study method applied over a month is an evidence that the species found in the mango orchards (which were at fruit ripening stage) and their surrounding vegetation, a favorable abiotic (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, etc.)…”

Mass Trapping of Live Male Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae): Interaction between Trap Types and Period of Trapping

“…Methyl eugenol (ME, Scentry Biologicals, Inc, Billings, MT), a known attractant of adult males of B. dorsalis over long distances, was placed in a slow-releasing polymeric gel form [20,21]. No killing agent was added to the attractant in the traps because the captured fies needed to be kept alive and their survival monitored.…”

Détermination de l’orientation géographique des pièges pour la détection des mouches des fruits dans les vergers de manguiers du nord de la Côte D’Ivoire

“…Globalement, ce vice maintient les rendements de mangues à des niveaux extrêmement bas, de l'ordre de 3 à 7 t ha -1 , contrairement à ceux obtenus dans des conditions optimales de culture, par exemple 10 à 15 t ha -1 pour la variété Kent; et 15 à 20 t ha -1 pour les variétés Keitt et Palmer (Coulibaly, 2021). Un outil plus fréquemment utilisé pour lutter contre les mouches des fruits dans les vergers est la technique de piégeage impliquant l'utilisation de paraphéromones (Minhibo et al, 2018). Un défi majeur, cependant, est de détecter la direction correcte des mouvements des mouches des fruits afin de positionner le piège pour en capturer des quantités massives.…”