En raison de la relative disparition progressive des jachères qui permettaient auparavant la conservation des ressources minérales du sol, la problématique de recherche agronomique dans le Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire est étroitement liée à la petite superficie des exploitations agricoles. Dans un tel contexte, la méthode a consisté à caractériser deux facteurs déterminants : le caractère « terre » qui représente la ressource rare des exploitations agricoles et le caractère « légumineuse » dont la nécessité d’insertion dans les associations. Des systèmes de cultures pures, les cultures associées maïs- cajanus et maïs-arachide ont été étudiés dans le Nord-Côte d’Ivoire. Les résultats ont montré que l’arrangement spatial du semis modifie sensiblement la production de ces associations. On constate que la culture est favorisée par l’association céréale-légumineuse par rapport à la culture pure. Sur le sol objet du présent travail, le maïs associé valorise aussi bien la productivité que le maïs cultivé individuellement. Les possibilités d'améliorer l’association traditionnelle maïs-légumineuse, sans application des fertilisants, sont également examinées. La supériorité de l’association réside plutôt dans la valorisation du capital terre (Land Equivalent Ratio, LER >1) que dans la productivité du travail, qui ne se distingue pas globalement de celle des cultures pures ; cela signifierait que l’association gagne de son intérêt en milieu dégradé. Les différents LER totaux calculés montrent également une différence non significative entre les rendements obtenus sur Labours à plat et billons dans toutes les différentes associations légumineuses-maïs. De ce fait, les paysans n’ont aucune crainte à cultiver sur le labour à plat pour éviter de créer des poches à l’érosion à travers des sillons créés par le billonnage et qui se transforment en rigoles. Les meilleurs systèmes d’associations sont cajanusmaïs et cajanus-maïs-arachide.
Declining soil fertility is a major factor in low agricultural production and increases food insecurity in northern Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study is to understand the real influence of cowpea in the corncowpea association modalities on the evolution of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in the soil on the scale of plot compared to control soils without cowpea and fallow more than 30 years. In this perspective, two farmer field plots were conducted in a participatory manner with two groups of corn producers in the localities of Kolokaha and Sohouo (Department of Korhogo) in order to assess the effect of the semi density of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) on the initial physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. In the open field, four (4) treatments corresponding to corn in pure culture (T0); corn + cowpea interposed online (T1-SNL); corn + cowpea in double intersected line (T2-SNDLI) and corn + cowpea staggered (T3-SNQ) were tested in three (3) completely randomized blocks with three repeats. Thirty-two (32) composite soil samples from natural fallows and T0, T1-SNL and T2-SNDLI treatments were taken and analyzed in the laboratory. The results show a clear improvement in the organic carbon and nitrogen levels, and above all an increase in the soil pH in the plots in associated crops. The combination of corn and cowpeas is an alternative to good soil fertility management and could be recommended in rural areas.
The present work, initiated in Korhogo, the north department of Côte d'Ivoire, aims to assess the level and the dynamics of the organic stocks of some soils under cotton crops through changes in the total amount of both carbon and nitrogen. For this purpose, we used rural sites under two main modes of soil management: plots of cotton growing and the shrubby savanna left fallow which was considered as the reference site. Tests including morpho-pedological characterizations and physico-chemical analyses were performed on soil samples and the organic carbon stocks were evaluated. The characterized soils are of Cambisol type with amajorpedogenetic phenomenon of reworking. Combination of the organic matter with concretions and ferruginized nodules gives the soils their characteristic brown coloring. The dynamics of the organic matter stock in these soils indicate that their continued cultivation results in an acceleration of the mineralization (C/N = 1.2 to 2.12) and as a result, a decrease in the organic matter stock (2.07 to 2.31 t/ha for soils under cotton growing against 9.42 to 9.81 t/ha for soils under fallow).
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