In the process of investigative actions, especially non-verbal ones, the search, finding, registering, study of traces and material evidence are of paramount importance. According to rules of the criminal procedure legislation, work with such objects makes it possible to carry out proofing in order to establish the circumstances included in Art. 73 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of collecting evidence depends on the use of special knowledge, technical devices, information-telecommunication technologies, and training of the persons involved in investigating actions. Based on this, the object of the article is a comparative legal analysis of the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the Statute of Criminal Procedure of 1864, and the legal positions of scholars with the purpose of determining whether an investigator possesses any special knowledge, how he acquires that knowledge, and if he is able of using it during the procedural action. The article presents the contents of some norms of the Statute of Criminal Procedure, which considered the court investigator to be the subject of applying special knowledge and demonstrated practical situations in which it was used. Considerable attention is paid to how an investigator acquires special knowledge through the study of criminalistics as a special legal theory in the educational institution of the corresponding sphere (it is noted that 76 % of investigators have higher or special secondary education). A systemic improvement of the qualification of investigators, their specialization on investigating specific types of crimes, their experience are named as sources of special knowledge. The author describes four conditions of the effective use of special knowledge by the investigator himself. It is concluded that, due to the professional university training and the experience in investigating, the investigator acts as a subject of special knowledge and, according to his legal status, should use it for proofing. According to the author, this conclusion follows from the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and stimulates the effectiveness of the investigators work on collecting, verifying, evaluating and using evidence in the process of crime investigation.
The article reviews the content of the monograph, focuses on the personality of the penitentiary offender, gives his characteristics in order to see further, to draw informed conclusions, to make proposals that are really of interest for a specific area of activity, to offer practically significant recommendations, and to give strategic advice
In this article, the authors consider the possibility of using the Safe City software and hardware complex to ensure human safety and security when living within specific territories. The prospects and results of using ICT and mathematical modeling of processes occurring in a certain territory are substantiated. Attention is drawn to the subsystem “Environmental Safety” of the hardware-software complex “Safe City” and the possibility of its use by law enforcement agencies. The approaches to the assessment and mathematical modeling of geodynamic risks arising in a particular territory are investigated. We studied the negative phenomena affecting a person and recorded by means of the APK “Safe City”. The factors contributing to the formation of geodynamic risks in certain territories are analyzed. Forms and methods of using the results of computer modeling of the processes of geodynamic movements in the activities of law enforcement agencies are substantiated. The tasks and functions of law enforcement bodies that are to be aided by mathematical modeling of geodynamic processes in specific territorial systems are highlighted.
The authors note that automated systems have spread not only in industry but also in the social sphere; one of them concerns the investigation of a crime. The article analyzes the automated systems used to investigate crimes aimed at personal freedom. The possibilities and prospects of using centralized automated information systems are substantiated: fingerprint processing; search for persons and portraits of participants in the investigation of the case; accounting of vehicles and their owners and others. The prospects for the use of automated systems in the investigation of crimes aimed at personal freedom are determined
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