A leaf spotting disease of an ornamental variety of Ophiopogon japonicus was discovered at several locations in northern Thailand. In all cases a species of Phyllosticta was associated with the lesions. Phyllosticta ophiopogonis sp. nov. is distinguished from Phyllosticta species from Liliaceae in conidia size, mucilaginous sheath and appendage thus the species is introduced as new in this paper. The new species which causes unsightly lesions on this ornamental plant is described, illustrated and compared with other similar Phyllosticta species.
This study aims to review the occurrence of microplastics in some commercial aquatic organisms. Microplastics are small plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. Effluent, stormwater, agricultural, and surface runoff introduce microplastic to freshwater basins. Hydrodynamics and hydrology encompass microplastics. River flow speed can cause turbulence and riverbed instability, increasing microplastic concentrations. Fish, shellfish, and crustaceans ingest microplastics in proportion to their quantity in freshwater and marine environments. Human activities cause variations in the form, color, and size of microplastics in the biota. Animals absorb microplastics through trophic transfer. Increased microplastic residence time before ingestion promotes trophic transmission. Lower food concentration and aggregation enhance microplastic retention in zooplankton guts, increasing transmission to higher-trophic-level species. Most studies show that microplastics in biota are discovered in fish and crustacean intestines and bivalve tissues. Microplastic buildup can disrupt live organisms' growth and reproduction, induce oxidative stress, obstruct the digestive system, and damage the intestine. Microplastics may harm people's health if they eat contaminated seafood that contains them, but more research is needed.
Abstract. Wulandari NF, Yulinery T, Suharna N, Nurhidayat N. 2019. Stability of black grass jelly (Mesona chinensis) probioticated by encapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 with agar and gum Arabic. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 84-88. Black grass jelly [Mesona chinensis (Benth)] is one of the traditional food ingredients that can be used as the encapsulation material. However, syneresis easily occurs so that becomes a problem during storage. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of type of stabilizers (agar and gum Arabic) and storage temperature (cold/4oC and ambient temperature/37oC) on black grass jelly stability and the viability of encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 in probiotication. The concentrations of stabilizers were 0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5% and 2.0% (w/v). The result showed that the syneresis rate was stable up to 2% of agar concentration at low storage temperature, while gum Arabic in the concentration of >1% resulted in increasing syneresis rate. Ambient temperature storage increased the syneresis rate. This study showed that agar or gum Arabic was supporting the probiotication as good encapsulant. Moreover, it was suitable for stabilizing or gelling agent at 0.5%-1% concentration to produce black grass jelly as RTD.
Several species named in the genus "Guignardia" have been transferred to other genera before the commencement of this study. Two families and genera to which species are transferred are Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeria, Vestergrenia, Neodeightonia) and Hyphonectriaceae (Hyponectria). In this paper, new combinations reported include Botryosphaeria cocöes (Petch) Wulandari, comb. nov., Vestergrenia atropurpurea (Chardón) Wulandari, comb. nov., V. dinochloae (Rehm) Wulandari, comb. nov., V. tetrazygiae (Stevens) Wulandari, comb. nov., while six taxa are synonymized with known species of Phyllosticta, viz. Phyllosticta effusa ( . In this paper, identification of "Guignardia" species is based on morphological characteristics. A large number of taxa labeled as "Guignardia" in literature, could not be loaned from various herbaria, or are lost or untraceable are listed as 'doubtful species' in view of insufficient supportive taxonomic data. Fresh collections, cultures and molecular sequence data are needed to clarify the phylogeny and taxonomy of cryptic species.
The necessity of finding a way to utilize Sn metal from tin powderization waste as effectively and efficiently as possible has risen because of the large number of industrial by-products of Sn waste and the broad applications of tin chemicals in the world. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) and stannous sulfate (SnSO4) are tin-derived compounds in which their applications are in various fields, and one of which is catalysts. Catalyst products produced from the two compounds are STO (Sulfated Tin Oxide) catalyst. In this study, tin powderization waste was used as raw material for the synthesis of SnCl2 and SnSO4. The purpose of using tin waste is an effort to create the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) program launched by the United Nations to obtain a sustainable consumption and production system. Tin powder from the off-spec product of the tin powderization process can be used as raw material to manufacture tin-derived chemical compounds. Overall, the process of developing tin products will produce a non-waste system (zero waste). The optimum conditions to synthesize SnCl2 are as follows; the tin powder particle size is 500 mesh with HCl 12 M at 80°C with a yield percentage of 95%. The synthesis of SnSO4 with the reaction of SnCl2 + (NH4)2SO4 can be carried out using stirring techniques. The results of the FT-IR spectrometer showed a spectrum of sulfate groups in the region ~ 1181 cm−1.
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