Controversies over the definition of Fournier's gangrene persist but these do not affect the treatment options. The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds. The occurrence of the disease in women is under-reported and may go unrecognized by some clinicians. Some treatment options, such as hyperbaric oxygenation and radical excision, remain controversial.

Penile fracture is not rare. Radiological investigations are expensive and may delay treatment. Current management favours early surgical exploration to prevent complications.

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Objective To ascertain the urological complications of coitus, as the proximity of the lower urinary tract to the organs of coitus exposes the tract to coital trauma. The complications have been termed`faux pas' implying that they are preventable. While the ultimate prevention is abstinence, this is an unrealistic prescription. Therefore, efforts are necessary to identify risk factors to enable preventive strategies. Materials and methods

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Translocation of an intrauterine contraceptive device to an extrauterine site in the peritoneal cavity is an uncommon complication. In cases reported in literature, the timing of extrauterine presentation and the distant sites of translocation often raise the issue of whether iatrogenic uterine perforation or migration of the device was responsible. We present and discuss five referred cases of the extrauterine device inserted in centres outside the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. The indication for insertion of the intrauterine contraceptive device in the patients (mean age 25.6 years) was contraception in four patients and adhesiolysis for Asherman's syndrome in the fifth. The most common presenting symptom was inability to feel the device's string (in three patients). Four of the patients presented within one month of the insertion. Three of the five translocated intraperitoneal devices were recovered by laparotomy and the forth by laparoscopy. The fifth patient, pregnant, defaulted with the device still retained. We are of the opinion that primary iatrogenic uterine perforation occurs occasionally. Other possible translocatory mechanisms include spontaneous uterine contractions, urinary bladder contractions, gut peristalsis and movement of peritoneal fluid.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) has been practiced worldwide, clothed under the tradocultural term "circumcision." Indications for its practice include ensuring virginity, securing fertility, securing the economic and social future of daughters, preventing the clitoris from growing long like the penis, and purely as a "tradition." Outlawed only in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Belgium, no law forbids it in most other countries. Classified into four identified types, the current perpetrators are mainly quacks, but trained medical personnel still connive at and encourage FGM. Early complications include hemorrhage, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and tetanus. Late complications include infertility, apareunia, clitoral neuromas, and vesicovaginal fistula. Reasons for the ritual persisting include fear that legislation would force it underground and it will be performed in unsterile conditions, belief that it is racist to speak out against FGM, "tolerance" by health professionals, continued use of the term "female circumcision," lack of awareness of the culture of immigrants by the physicians in areas where FGM is not culturally practiced, and sporadic or uncommitted eradication efforts. We believe there is no reason for the continued practice of FGM. It should incur global abolition, the same way slave trade or Victorian chastity belts have done. We advocate that in medical communications the term "female genital mutilation" be used in place of "female circumcision." World leaders should include unacceptable cultural practices such as FGM in the "world summit" agenda. The year 1999 should be declared the year for global eradication of FGM.