Domestication has had a strong impact on the development of modern societies. We sequenced 200 genomes of the chocolate plant Theobroma cacao L. to show for the first time that a single population underwent strong domestication approximately 3,600 years (95% CI: 2481 – 10,903 years ago) ago, the Criollo population. We also show that during the process of domestication, there was strong selection for genes involved in the metabolism of the colored protectants anthocyanins and the stimulant theobromine, as well as disease resistance genes. Our analyses show that domesticated populations of T. cacao (Criollo) maintain a higher proportion of high frequency deleterious mutations. We also show for the first time the negative consequences the increase accumulation of deleterious mutations during domestication on the fitness of individuals (significant negative correlation between Criollo ancestry and Kg of beans per hectare per year, P = 0.000425).

This research focuses on the study of the diversity of termitomyces in the region of daloa. The aim is to inventory the species of wild termitomyces in order to identify and valorize them. Trips carried out in the daloa area have made it possible to list seven (7) wild termitomyces. The specimens collected are all edible and are used in the diet of the ivorian population. They are considered as substitute food for animal proteins. Among these species, six (6) have been described for the first time in côte d'ivoire based on their morphological and microscopic characters: T. striatus, T. umkowaani, T. robustus, T medius, T. aurantiacus, T. clypeatus. The species Termitomyces le-testui has already been cited and described.

La culture de la tomate en Côte d’Ivoire est sujette aux attaques de nombreux pathogènes qui sont à l'origine de dégâts au champ et en post-récolte. Aussi pour réduire l’impact des maladies sur les cultures, différentes méthodes de lutte sont utilisées. C’est dans cette optique que cette étude a été entreprise. Elle a consisté à tester l’efficacité des extraits d’Alchornea cordifolia ; Mezoneuron benthamianum, et Tithonia diversifolia sur les symptômes des maladies d’une parcelle de tomate cultivée à Daloa. Les extraits poudreux de ces trois plantes ont été utilisés pour traiter un sol de culture infesté à la quantité 5 g et 15 g par poquet à différentes périodes : un mois et deux semaines avant repiquage et le jour du repiquage. Les résultats montrent que les extraits de A. cordifolia, M. benthamianum et T. diversifolia réduisent considérablement l’incidence et la sévérité des symptômes par rapport au témoin. Ainsi, le traitement du sol un mois avant le repiquage a montré des incidences plus faibles au niveau des symptômes de jaunissement (32,27 à 55 %), de l’enroulement (30 à 45,55 %) et de flétrissement (0 à 8,33 %). Au niveau de la sévérité des symptômes foliaires, le traitement du sol le jour du repiquage a induit une sévérité moindre du jaunissement et de l’enroulement sur les plants de tomate avec M. benthamianum tandis que le sur le flétrissement, c’est le traitement du sol un mois avant le repiquage qui donne les plus faibles sévérités (0 à 0,5) pour tous les traitements. Au niveau des galles racinaires, le traitement du sol un mois avant le repiquage induit des faibles incidences et des symptômes moins sévères. A. cordifolia a été plus efficace à la quantité de 5 g/poquet. Cette étude montre que les extraits de plantes tels que A. cordifolia, M. benthamianum, et T. diversifolia pourraient être utilisés comme méthode efficace de contrôle des maladies de la tomate en culture. The tomato crop in Côte d'Ivoire is subject to attack by many pathogens that cause damage in the field and post-harvest. This study consisted in testing the efficacy of extracts of Alchornea cordifolia; Mezoneuron benthamianum, Tithonia diversifolia on the symptoms of diseases in a tomato plot grown in Daloa. The powdery extracts of these three plants were used to treat crop soil in the quantity of 5g and 15g/pack at different periods: one and two months before transplanting and the day of transplanting. The health analysis of the plants from the infested soil after different applications of A. cordifolia, M. benthamianum and T. diversifolia extracts gave lower incidences and severities of symptoms compared to the control. Thus, the soil treatment one month before transplanting showed the lowest incidences of yellowing (32.27 to 55%), leaf curl (30 to 45.55%), and wilting (0 to 8.33%) symptoms. Regarding the severity of foliar symptoms, the soil treatment on the day of transplanting induced a lower severity of yellowing and leafroll on tomato plants with M. benthamianum while wilting, the soil treatment one month before transplanting gave the lowest severity (0 to 0.5) for all treatments For root galls, soil treatment one month before transplanting induced low incidences and less severe symptoms. A. cordifolia was more effective at 5 g/pack. This study shows that plant extracts such as A. cordifolia, M. benthamianum, and T. diversifolia could be used as an effective method for controlling tomato diseases in cultivation.

The aim of this work is to contribute to the study of wild edible Psathyrelles in Côte d'Ivoire. It was conducted in the region of Daloa, a forest area with a tropical climate favorable to the development of fungal species. Data collection took place during the rainy season (April-July). The carpophores were photographed before harvesting in order to observe the macroscopic characters on the different samples. The microscopic study was conducted in the laboratory to observe the reproductive organs. The different specimens were dried afterwards for further observations. The results indicate that five (5) fungal species were collected, they are: Psathyrella caput-medusae (Fr.) Konrad & Maubl., Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire, P. tuberculate (Pat) A. H. Sm, P. atroumbonata Pegler and P. piluliformis (Bull. ex Fr.) P.D. Orton. P. tuberculata, P. atroumbonata and P. piluliformis have already been cited in Côte d'Ivoire. P. candolleana and P. caput-medusae were described in this work for the first time.