Rice yellow mottle virus, of the genus Sobemovirus, causes a major disease in Africa especially in the lowland and irrigated rice ecologies. Yield losses due to the virus were estimated between 5-100% and depend on genotype. This study, conducted in a screen house, aimed at assessing the impact of eight RYMV isolates from a restrictive environment Gagnoa (Côte d'Ivoire) on 10 differential rice varieties. The plants were inoculated manually by rubbing the leaves from the leaf base to the tip with fingers moistened with inoculum. Virus content and percentage yield reduction of different rice cultivars have been assessed. Result showed that an important variability was observed in the reaction of different rice genotypes infected by different isolates of RYMV. In susceptible cultivars Bouaké 189, PNA647F4-56 and H232-44-1-1 virus content and yield reduction varied respectively from 0.08 to 0.264 and 20 to 95%. In resistant cultivars, Gigante, Lac 23, Morobérékan and Faro 11, virus content and yield reduction varied respectively from 0.03 to 0.188 and 5 to 17%. The lowest virus content and yield reduction was observed with the isolate 7 from upland rice. The significant difference in the interaction observed between the different genotypes of rice and isolates of RYMV suggested the existence of different strains of RYMV within a restrictive environment.
Article original Selection and evaluation of stable salt-tolerant callus cell lines of the Troyer citrange. Abstract-Introduction. Citrus fruits are sensitive to salinity. Our study aimed at selecting cellular lines tolerant to NaCl of citrange Troyer and assessing the characters involved in salt stress responses in callus cultures. Materials and methods. Calli were cultivated on a culture medium containing NaCl whose concentration was gradually increased until it reached 8 g NaCl•L-1. They were then transferred onto a medium without NaCl to test their independence with respect to the salt, then placed in the presence of 8 g NaCl•L-1 to test their stability. Dosages of the content in soluble Na + , K + , proline and sugars contained in the calli were carried out at the end of the experiment. Results and discussion. Salinity stopped the calli from growing and caused the majority of the explants (sensitive calli) to become brown. Tolerant calli presented a growth comparable with the growth of the controls. The transfer of these calli onto medium without NaCl followed by their transfer onto saline culture medium showed the independence and the stability of the selected character of tolerance. The content in K + of the tolerant calli was close to that of the control calli, but it was greater than that of the sensitive calli. On the other hand, the content in Na + ions in the tolerant and sensitive calli was relatively higher than that of the control calli. Sodium would thus be accumulated in two cellular levels according to the type of callus: invasion of the cytosol (toxic effect) for the sensitive calli or vacuolar partitioning for the tolerant calli. Salinity caused the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars in the tolerant calli but not in the sensitive calli. Conclusions. Stable and tolerant cellular lines in NaCl were obtained starting from embryos of citrange Troyer. This tolerance could be related to changes in the properties of ion migration and in the regulation capacity and ionic partitioning. Accumulation of proline and soluble sugars constitutes a metabolic character to adaptive value that could be an indicator of tolerance to salinity. Morocco / Citrus / citranges / in vitro culture / callogenesis / salt tolerance Sélection et évaluation de lignées de cals stables et tolérantes vis-à-vis du stress salin chez le citrange 'Troyer' [Citrus sinensis (L.) × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. Résumé-Introduction. Les agrumes sont sensibles à la salinité. Notre étude a cherché à sélectionner, chez le citrange Troyer, des lignées cellulaires tolérantes à NaCl, à évaluer l'effet du sel sur la croissance des cals et à doser les solutés susceptibles d'être impliqués dans leur réponse au stress salin. Matériel et méthodes. Des cals ont été cultivés sur un milieu de culture contenant du NaCl dont la concentration a été augmentée progressivement jusqu'à atteindre 8 g NaCl•L-1. Ils ont ensuite été transférés sur un milieu sans NaCl pour tester leur indépendance vis-à-vis du sel, puis remis en présence de 8 g NaCl•L-1...
Cowpea is a legume consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. There are many cultivars whose seeds are widely available. This study aimed to determine some agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of some cowpea cultivars in order to identify differences and if possible select the best for appropriate uses. The study included 16 cultivars; the agro-morphological variability was assessed on the basis of eight parameters. The results showed that the accessions N21DR, N18ZR, N10BBrp produced more seeds in a relatively short growing cycle. For the biochemical characterization, parameters such as moisture, ash, protein, fat, total carbohydrates and energy value were determined by conventional methods. Differences were observed between the physicochemical parameters of the analyzed cultivars seeds. The cultivar (N19ZBoBp) recorded the highest protein content.Keywords: Cowpea, chemical composition, agronomic parameters, food safety, productivityEuropean Scientific Journal August 2016 edition vol.12, No.24 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857-7431 363 RésuméLe niébé est une légumineuse consommée en Côte d'Ivoire. Il existe de nombreux cultivars dont les graines sont largement disponibles. La présente étude a eu pour objectif de déterminer quelques caractéristiques agronomiques et physicochimiques de quelques cultivars de niébé aux fins d'identifier des différences et sélectionner si possible les meilleurs pour des usages appropriés. L'étude a porté sur 16 accessions, la variabilité agromorphologique a été évaluée sur la base de huit paramètres. Les résultats ont montré que les accessions N21DR, N18ZR, N10BBrp ont produit plus de graines dans un cycle de culture relativement court. Pour la caractérisation biochimique, les paramètres tels que l'humidité, la teneur en cendres, les protéines, les lipides, les glucides totaux et la valeur énergétique ont été déterminés selon des méthodes conventionnelles. Des différences ont été observées entre les paramètres physicochimiques des graines de cultivars analysés. Le cultivar (N19ZBoBp) a enregistré la teneur la plus élevée en protéine.
Maize (Zea mays L.) or Indian wheat is the most cultivated cereal in the world and the first in terms of quantity before wheat. Its cultivation is confronted with the climate change which causes drought, and this last one reduces considerably its production. The objective of this experiment is to select maize (Zea mays L.) varieties resistant to water stress using gamma irradiation. Its aim is to characterize agromorphologically two maize lines derived from the gamma irradiated variety EV8728. This study took place in Daloa (Ivory Coast). The plant material consisted of maize plants obtained by self-fertilization after five cycles from seeds of the variety EV8728 irradiated with gamma rays at a dose of 300 grays. Observations and measurements were made on the number and area of leaves, height and diameter of maize plants, male and female flowering parameters (date of panicle appearance, pollen grains, cob and silks) and number of spikelets, cob insertion height (CIE), panicle height and internode length. At the 58th das, the highest number of leaves (18.76) was observed in the plants of line 36 watered at capacity in field S0. On the other hand, the number of leaves (16.04) was lowest on the plants of the same line under severe stress (S2). Regardless of the type of stress applied, the plants of the control EV8728 always dominate, while the most stunted are those of the line L36. The date of panicle appearance (DAP) was early with the EV8728 control compared to the tested lines (L36 and L71), while the date of pollen appearance (DAGP) was about 4 d after the panicle was visible. Under moderate stress, a delay in flowering (anthesis) is observed in EV8728 and line L71 while there is no change in date for line L36.
This work aims to propose to the peasants producing varieties of seeds, biomass and to determine some physico-chemical characteristics of these seeds. Thirteen agronomic parameters and 8 characters were evaluated. The got results showed an important variability between the ecotypes. The most relevant variables which make it possible to describe variability between the groups are the number of pod, the number of seeds, the weight of the hulls, the biomass, and the rate of filling, the height and the scale. Thus, the varieties N21DR, N10BBrp, N8BRcp, and N18ZRET N9BN produced more seeds whereas the varieties N15ZBoNg and N7BRc produced more air biomass. They can be selected at agronomic ends within the framework of the fertilization of the grounds. The results revealed that the seeds are energy foods, rich in proteins and glucids. On the other hand, they are low in lipids, ashes and have low moisture being able to facilitate their conservation over one relatively long period. The cultivar N1KBN which recorded the highest ash content could be used in the fortification of food. Cultivar white N1KBN recorded the highest content of proteins. Consequently, its seeds could be used to supplement traditional food and to be recommended in the sector of the made up flours. The use of seeds in these fields could contribute to reduce the protein deficits at certain poor populations, in the grip of protein-energy diseases.
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