Povidone iodine in both 5% and 10% concentrations demonstrates severe toxicity when one drop of either concentration is placed directly in the anterior chamber. When povidone iodine is used in preparing the eye for intraocular surgery and as an alternative to postoperative antibiotics, the inadvertent leakage of povidone iodine into the anterior chamber must definitely be prevented.

Intraoperative mitomycin C was found to be effective in preventing the recurrence of primary pterygium.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of conjunctival rotation autograft technique in preventing the recurrence of primary pterygium. Methods: In this prospective study, 24 eyes of 24 consecutive patients with primary pterygium were evaluated. Conjunctival rotation autograft technique, which involved the removal of the underlying fibrovascular pterygium tissue and replacement of the original epithelium over the bare sclera with a 180° rotation was performed in all eyes. Results: Patients were 34–70 years of age (mean, 52.8; SD = 10.5). During the mean follow-up of 15.9 months (range, 12–23 months; SD: 4.0), 4 recurrences (16.6%) were observed. Neither intraoperative nor postoperative complications were encountered except for recurrences and 3 suture openings, which were re-sutured postoperatively without further complications. Conclusion: Conjunctival rotation autograft technique appears to be effective and safe in preventing the recurrence of primary pterygium. A prospective randomised trial comparing conjunctival rotation autografting with other adjunctive procedures in addition to simple pterygium excision is required to determine its effectiveness.

Background: The present study aim was designed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of adding two different doses of magnesium sulphate to 0.5% hyperbaric levobupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in terms of block characteristics, haemodynamic and safety profile.Methods: Ninety American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) grade I-II patients undergoing elective infra-umbilical surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups. Group C (n=30, control group) received 3 mL (15 mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric levobupivacaine; Group M50 (n=30): received 3 mL (15 mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric levobupivacaine + 50 mg of magnesium sulphate. Group M100 (n=30) received 3 mL (15 mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric levobupivacaine + 100 mg of magnesium sulphate. A standard protocol was followed after which a blinded observer assessed the sensory and motor blocks. The onset and duration of sensory (pin-prick) block, onset, intensity and duration of motor block were recorded.Results: All the subarachnoid blocks were adequate. The addition of magnesium sulphate to intrathecal levobupivacaine had not only increased the time to onset of sensory block (p=0.007) but also prolonged the duration of sensory (p<0.001) and motor block (p<0.001) to statistically significant level in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions:Addition of magnesium sulphate does not offer any further advantage in terms of haemodynamic stability. However, it certainly increases the duration of sensory block to a significant level.