The efficacy of combined sex pheromone (PB/SB‐ROPE) formulation, containing 1:1 mixture of cis, cis and cis, trans isomers of 7,11‐hexadecadienyl acetate for pink bollworm; 10:1 mixture of the (E,E)‐10,12‐hexadecadienal and (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal components for the two species of spotted bollworm, was evaluated in comparison with insecticides for the control of three major bollworm pests of cotton in Pakistan. The pheromone and insecticide applications were commenced at pin head square stage in two cotton blocks of 4 hectares each separately. PB/SB‐ROPE significantly reduced the infestation of pink and two species of spotted bollworms in squares and green bolls as compared to insecticides and control treatments. However, the infestation in flowers was at par in PB/SB‐ROPE and insecticides treated blocks. The male moth population of three bollworm species also remained low throughout the cotton season in PB/SB‐ROPE treated blocks as compared with insecticides treated and control blocks. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkung einer Kombination von Sexualpheromonen bei der Bekämpfung von drei an Baumwolle schädlichen Lepidopterenarten Es wurde die Wirkung der Sexualpheromon‐Kombination PB/SB‐ROPE, bestehend aus dem Sexual‐pheromon des “pink bollworm” (Pectinophora gossypiella) (1:1‐Mischung von cis, cis und cis‐trans‐Isomeren von 7,11‐Hexadecadienylazetat) und dem Sexualpheromon der beiden “spotted bollworms” (Earias vittella und insulana) (10:1‐Mischung von (E,E)‐10,12‐Hexadecadienal und (Z)‐11‐Hexadecenal) im Vergleich mit Insektiziden bei der Bekämpfung der 3 Baumwollschädlinge in Pakistan untersucht. Die Pheromone und Insektizide wurden im “pin head square”‐Stadium (bei Erscheinen der ersten Blütenknospen) in zwei Baumwollfeldern von je 4 ha getrennt angewandt. Die PB/SB‐ROPE‐Kombination verringerte signifikant den Befall durch Pectinophora gossypiella und die beiden Earias‐Arten während des Stadiums der Blütenknospen und des Stadiums der grünen Samenkapseln im Vergleich zur Insektizidanwendung und Kontrolle. Dagegen war der Befall der Blüten bei der mit der Pheromon‐Kombination und der mit Insektiziden behandelten Parzelle etwa gleich. Die Population der männlichen Falter der 3 Baumwollschädlinge blieb während der Baumwolle‐Saison in allen 3 Fällen: Pheromon ‐ Insektizide ‐ Kontrolle, niedrig.
The efficacy of gossyplure (1:1 mixture of Cis, Cis and Cis, trans isomers of 7,11‐hexadecadienyl acetate) in controlling pink bollworm infestation through male annihilation technique and mating disruption technique was compared with insecticidal spray (Sumicidin 20% EC). The results indicated that mating disruption technique was comparable with insecticidal spray treatment. Male annihilation technique was found to be less effective in controlling pink bollworm infestation when compared either with mating disruption technique or insecticidal spray treatment. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirksamkeit von Gossyplure bei der Bekämpfung von Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.) (Lep., Gelechiidae) Es wurde die Wirkung von Gossyplure (1:1 Mischung von Cis, Cis, und Cis, trans Isomoeren von 7,11‐Hexadecadienyl Acetat) bei der Bekämpfung eines P. gossypiella‐Befalls von Baumwolle unter Anwendung der Methoden der Männchen‐Vernichtung sowie der Kopulationsunterdrükkung geprüft und mit dem Ergebnis einer herkömmlichen Insektizid‐Behandlung (Sumicidin 20% EC) verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß die Kopulationsunterdrückung wirkungsmäßig mit der Insektizidbehandlung vergleichbar ist. Dagegen war die Männchen‐Vernichtung wenig erfolgreich.
Delta traps baited with gossyplure (a 50:50 mixture of Cis, Cis and Cis, trans isomers of 7,11‐hexadecadienyl acetate) as sex attractant were used to study the seasonal population fluctuation of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella for two years (1981 and 1982). The results indicated that pink bollworm moths remained active throughout the year, with minimum intensity during the hot months (May–July) of summer. The maximum moth population was recorded in the month of October, in both the years. The moth emergence in March/April proved to be suicidal as there was no infestible fruiting bodies of preferred host in the field. The pink bollworm population was recorded even during the winter months which indicated that the pest probably does not enter into true diapause. These studies may prove helpful in planning an effective control strategy against pink bollworm. Zusammenfassung Untersuchung der saisonalen Populations‐Fluktuation von Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.) (Lep., Gelechiidae) mit Hilfe des Duftstoffes Gossyplure Mit Glossyplure (50:50‐Mischung aus Cis, Cis und Cis, trans Isomere von 7,11‐Hexadecadienyl‐acetat) als Sexualduftstoff beköderte Delta‐Fallen wurden zur Untersuchung des saisonalen Massenwechsels von P. gossypiella 1981 und 1982 eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Falter während des ganzen Jahres aktiv blieben mit einem Dichte‐Minimum während der heißen Monate Mai‐Juli. Das Maximum wurde in beiden Jahren im Oktober festgestellt. Im März und April geschlüpfte Falter starben ab, da es zu dieser Zeit noch keine befallsfähigen Pflanzen gab. Die Schädlingspopulation existierte auch während des Winters. Eine echte Diapause war nicht vorhanden. Diese Studien können hilfreich bei der Planung wirksamer Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen gegen den Schädling sein.
Experiments were conducted to monitor the seasonal population fluctuation of spotted bollworm, Earias vittella (F.) and spiny bollworm, E. instrlana (Boisd.) (Lep., Noctuidae) by synthetic sex pheromone traps and relationship between moth catches and larval infestation in bolls of cotton. The traps were baited with 1 mg of sex pheromone (10E,12E)-10,12-hexadecadienal; and 10:2 mixture of (10E,12E)-10,12-hexadecadienal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal for spiny and spotted bollworms respectively. The daily catches of spotted and spiny bollworm moths were variable, however, avera e number of moths captured in pheromone baited tra s were also positively correlated with the number of larvae per plant. The larval population in the Ruiting bodies of cotton and the moth counts in pheromone traps increased with the developmental stages of the crop. The eak moth population and larval infestation of spotted and spiny bollworms was observed in the montts of August and October respectively. Results indicated that a mean trap catches of 9-12 moths per night of spotted bollworm was associated with economic injury level of infestation. Although, a maximum of 12 moths er trap per night in the month of October were captured in case of spiny bollworm but the inLstation remained below economic threshold i.e. 10 % damage. catches per night were positively correlated with the larval infestation in cotton bolls. Average night K y 1974: Insecticide applications based on hexalure trap catches versus automatic schedule treatments for pink bollworm moth control. J. Econ. Entomol. 67, 522-524.
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