In this article, the authors consider the syntactic organization of a simple Russian sentence from the point of view of the onomasiological approach. They note that in any communication situation, the sender builds his offer with the intention of having a certain impact on the addressee. In this regard, in the modus content of the sentence, the authors distinguish: the expression of the speaker's communicative intentions and the speaker's attitude to the content and form of the utterance. In addition, the authors distinguish between mandatory and optional components of modus content. Mandatory modus components are those components that must necessarily be expressed in any grammatically correct sentence, and optional components are components that may or may not be expressed at the discretion of the speaker. The speaker's communicative intentions are realized with the help of basic and optional information, belonging to a certain speech genre, establishing contact with the addressee, maintaining his attention. The components of the mode aimed at the content and form of the sentence are, according to the authors, predicativity, value assessment of the content of the sentence and assessment of the degree of compliance with the rules of speech communication by the speaker. This approach allows us to significantly supplement the already existing knowledge about the structural and semantic organization of the Russian sentence.
The authors of the article discuss the peculiarities of the use of cultural-specific vocabulary in the texts of pre-revolutionary periods of Ufa and Perm provinces. It is noted that the functioning of slavicisms and region-specific words in various culturally relevant texts is primarily related to the purpose, genre of the work, and stylistic factors: in the newspaper text, slavicisms acts as a means of speech. The study is focused on regionspecific vocabulary. It is shown that the use of such words is linked to the close contact of different peoples in the territory of the said provinces. Toponymic vocabulary is considered as one of the most informative layers of onomastics of any language in terms of linguistic and cultural relations. There is a special category of toponymic vocabulary, oikonyms, which is an important linguistic source for the nomination of residential objects. The authors give examples of names of villages and counties of Ufa and Perm provinces. The cultural units that are not stable components of the world information flow are considered. The examples of culture-specific units of the denotative level that penetrated into the newspaper from the Bashkir language are given. The classification of such units is proposed; they are grouped according to the subject areas such as clothing, footwear, jewelry; buildings and objects of traditional (folk) everyday life; traditions, holidays, rites; musical instruments; mythological and fairy tale creatures; food and beverages; religious terms and concepts; folk games and toys.
В статье рассматриваются основные лингвистические особенности газетного дискурса, в частности показана роль газетных заголовков периодической печати второй половины XIX -начала XX в. Особое внимание уделено функционированию лексических и семантических средств заголовков. Обсуждаемые категории иллюстрируются примерами из текстов газет «Уфимские», «Оренбургские» и «Пермские губернские ведомости».
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