Russian President Vladimir Putin has made federal reform one of his key priorities, and his first serious action, taken just a couple of days after his inauguration, was the introduction of a new system of seven enlarged federal districts. In five cases, the presidential envoys appointed to these districts were generals, who hand-picked their deputies and staff mostly from the ranks. The majority of the chief federal inspectors in the regions also come from established `power structures'. In this article, the seven federal districts are described, and an analysis is made of the essence of the reform, the way it is proceeding, its effectiveness, and its future prospects. The forceful start of the federal reform in 2000 noticeably reduced the development of regional trends in Russia and strengthened central control; however, in 2001 the reform lost much of its dynamism, and the need for the new level of territorial organization remains questionable. It is argued that, whatever the Kremlin's initial plans and words, what is really happening is the insertion of police-state mechanisms into a delegative and declarative democratic state.
Gneisses from the deep structural levels of the European Variscan Belt are well exposed in the Central Sredna Gora in Bulgaria. In general, migmatites predominate, but unmigmatized domains (or domains with incipient migmatization) are also documented in this area. This paper presents new structural, petrographic and U-Pb isotope geochronological data from such an unmigmatized part of the Variscan high-grade metamorphic basement (the Koprivshtitsa Unit). A predominant part of this unit represents an alternation of metagranitoids and metabasites. The protolith crystallization age of the metagranitoids is constrained at 491.5 ± 7.6 Ma by U-Pb laser ablation method on zircons. This age coincides with the previously available Late Cambrian protolith ages of metabasic rocks that crop out within the adjacent migmatitic unit. The Korpivshtitsa Unit comprises also lesser orthogneisses with Late Neoproterozoic protoliths. Based on the available local and regional paleogeographic reconstruction schemes, we suggest that the Upper Cambrian magmatic rocks intruded Upper Neoproterozoic crust during the initial opening stages of the Rheic Ocean or a related basin. Subsequently, both were involved in the Variscan high-grade deformation. The contact of the Koprivshitsa Unit with the migmatitic part of the metamorphic complex coincides with a north-vergent greenschist facies thrust zone – the Chuminska Shear Zone. The exact time of the shearing is still not well constrained but it clearly postdates the Variscan high-temperature metamorphism of the gneisses.
Аннотация. Сделана попытка в виде аналогий и образного раскрытия высказываний из Нового Завета выявить объективные и субъективные факторы, влияющие на понимание православных молитв современным человеком. Предложено уделять большее внимание сути молитв путем отхода от объективно устаревшей внешней формы их изложения на церковнославянском языке и перехода к доходчивымнормам современного русского языка. Внешнее оформление в большей степени имеет психологическое воздействие, нежели влияет на уровень духовности молитв, вместе с тем историческое изложение может глубоко скрыть от современного прихожанина Боговдохновенную суть молитвы. Найдены метод в выборе подхода к людям на начальном этапе духовной жизни и методика по адаптации молитв. К сожалению, сегодня 434 © Электронный научный журнал «Нефтегазовое дело». 2015. №4 http://www.ogbus.ru человек, как и две тысячи лет назад, выражаясь образным языком апостола Павла, способен питаться только духовным молоком как младенец, а твердою духовною пищею, которая свойственна совершенным людям, к сожалению еще не в силах. Поэтому необходимо уделить должное внимание специальной обработке и переработкемолитв в легкодоступную для большинства форму современного языка. Возможно, это будет способствовать увеличению количества воцерквленных людей, вовлеченных в духовную жизнь. Обоснована необходимость более понятной молитвы. В Новом Завете большое внимание уделено молитве и языку молитв. Святые Отцы также обращали внимание и на деланье правильной молитвы. Тем не менее, такой важный аспект, как достижение внимания в процессе молитвы в наше время недостаточно раскрыт. Нами представлены цитаты из Евангелия от Матфея, Марка, Луки и Иоанна, а также Апостола Павла, Петра и др. Кроме того, приведены некоторые притчи, поучения и высказывания о плодах духа, дарах Бога, о вере, о блаженстве, о любви, о спасении, о святости и вечной жизни, о искуплении грехов и пр.
An approach to the development of tools for the formation of promising indicators characterizing the development of the coal industry of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is considered. Briefly, a possible version of the development of coal mining and coal consumption in the energy sector of the republic is presented.
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