After shutting down a cell for re-lining, we deal with the Spent Pot Lining (SPL), consisting of carbon and refractory materials. Most of SPL, which contains a lot of valuable components, remains un-used due to the difficulties associated with the extraction of such components and is transported to a landfill for industrial waste. The paper describes some efficient analytical methods used to analyze the chemical composition of SPL, including obtaining data on the qualitative composition and (or) the proportion of components in the part of the lining that is being researched, including information on the local distribution and structure of substances. The information obtained in the course of research on the impurity profile of SPL samples is necessary and important for the purpose of forecasting the service life of the cell and developing further technology for disposing or re-cycling this type of waste. The paper discusses the results obtained by different research methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, approximate quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electron microscopy, which, together, provide more information on the object of researching.
A hydrometallurgical technology has been proposed for processing the refractory part of the lining of aluminum production electrolysers dismantled and disabled for overhaul. Fluorine-containing compounds are transferred to the solution, which allows obtaining cryolite for being used in the electrolysis process. It is recommended to use solid residue from leaching (cake) with a minimum content of alkalis and fluorine as an additive to the mixture for cement production. According to the results of experiments on obtaining portland cement by traditional firing technology, the limiting content of alkali metal oxides (not higher than 4.5% by weight, calculated as Na2O) in the leaching cake was determined, the optimum content of this additive in the charge is from 5 to 12% depending on chemical composition of lime used.
A hydrometallurgical technology has been proposed for processing the refractory part of the lining of aluminum production electrolysers dismantled and disabled for overhaul. Fluorine-containing compounds are transferred to the solution, which allows obtaining cryolite for being used in the electrolysis process. It is recommended to use solid residue from leaching (cake) with a minimum content of alkalis and fluorine as an additive to the mixture for cement production. According to the results of experiments on obtaining portland cement by traditional firing technology, the limiting content of alkali metal oxides (not higher than 4.5% by weight, calculated as Na2O) in the leaching cake was determined, the optimum content of this additive in the charge is from 5 to 12% depending on chemical composition of lime used.
The issues related to the development of permafrost and seasonally frozen soils without their preliminary loosening by various earthmoving machines with active working bodies, magnetostrictive vibrators, that soften dense and frozen soils using acoustic elastic waves, are considered. The analytical studies allowed us to establish the regularities of the process of destruction of frozen soil by active teeth of bucket working bodies, according to which, the formulas for calculating the critical tensile stress and shear resistance were obtained. The research results allow us to determine the main parameters of wave loading for both a single radiation source and a group of "n" in-phase radiation sources. The intensity of the acoustic field from the group of "n" emitters increases in proportion to the number of vibration exciters.
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