According to worldwide statistics breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Despite the success in current methods of treatment post-operative period in major of patients is characterized by post-mastectomy syndrome which leads to impairment in daily activities, difficulties in social adaptation and consequently to dicrease of the quality of life. The specific causes, risk factors, characteristics of clinical and pathogenetic manifestations of post-mastectomy syndrome are described in detail in this review. Different approaches to post-mastectomy syndrome classification, its clinical and instrumental diagnosis are defined. Based on more than 40 publications of Russian and foreign authors, the issue of selection of appropriate treatment tactics for the syndrome is investigated and discussed in detail. A considerable part of the review is focused on the use of physical methods of treating the post-mastectomy syndrome. It is observed that an increasing number of specialists gives preference to methods of conservative treatment special of which are medical gymnastics, complex decongestive therapy and compression therapy. On the other hand, the absence of the unified treatment algorithms is challenging for clinicians. Therefore, its development with the focus on patient-specific approach is a crucial task for modern rehabilitology in breast cancer surgery.
Congratulating the wonderful journal “Clinical Medicine” that has played a significant role in the development of medical care in Russia on the centennial anniversary, the surgical community also celebrates the centenary of the birth of modern military field surgery. An article “Great surgery in the frontline of the field army” was published by the surgeon-consultant of a number of fronts of the Russian army in World War I, professor of the Military Medical Academy V.A. Oppel in 1916, and the monograph “Organizational issues of the advanced surgical frontline of the army” appeared in 1917. V.A. Oppel was the first to formulate the idea of stage treatment of the wounded in these works and a number of other ones. From the point of view of stage-by-stage treatment, the wounded receives a surgical measure where this measure is needed; the wounded person is evacuated as soon as his health condition allows it. However, such an approach may seem unrealistic in large-scale wars because military environment often precluded the possibility of providing assistance to the wounded in the place where they needed it. It was not always possible to comply with the contraindications for the evacuation of the wounded. During the world wars, the system of stage-by-stage treatment of the wounded was more a theory, but it was successfully applied practically, and highly improved, during local wars of the late XX — early XXI centuries.
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