The effect the micromycete enzymatic complex has on the lignin component in tree species barks is studied using the example of Trichoderma fungi. The MG-97/6 Trichoderma asperellum Samuels VKPM F 765 strain is used as the biological object of study. The substrates are Siberian larch bark, European white birch bast, and preparations of dioxane lignin isolated from larch bark and birch bast according to Pepper's method, i.e., via treatment with a dioxane-water mixture (9 : 1) in the presence of HCl (0.7%). Tricho derma fungi are cultivated in Petri dishes placed in a thermostat for 10 days under conditions of 25-27°C, 80 % humidity, and pH 6.5. The substrate is inoculated with a mycelial suspension of the fungi in the amount of 1 × 10 6 spores per 1 g of the substrate (oven dry weight). Chemical analysis, UV spectroscopy, and IR spec troscopy are used to show that the micromycete enzyme complex induces destructive changes in lignin, both in situ and in vitro. A scheme for the oxidative degradation of wood substrate lignins by the T. asperellum MG 97/6 fungi is proposed. Microbial decomposition of lignin can be recommended for the preparation of such Trichodermin biological products, using lignin containing wastes as substrates. It can also be recom mended for the destruction and bleaching of wood fibers for purposes of their further industrial use (e.g., in the production of paper and bioethanol).
Presents the results of a research of wood-destroying properties of the basidiomycete Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. The strains were isolated in pure culture from fruiting bodies that grew on the Abies sibirica Ledeb, Pinus sylvestris Ledeb, Pinus sibirica Du Tour and Larix sibirica Ledeb in the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (56°09'–56°22' N; 92°10'–92°58' E). The cultures screened for growth parameters and the dynamics of enzymatic activity during cultivation on cellulose-containing media. The radial growth rate of Siberian strains on the agar medium and plant substrates is 1,1–3,3 mm / day; the growth coefficient is 10–42. All studied cultures synthesize extracellular cellulolytic enzymes that hydrolyze the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose. The enzymatic activity is in the range 0,05–0,39 U / ml with a maximum of 7–9 days. The most active strain of Fp5-15 F. pinicola used for bioconversion of coniferous plant substrates under solid-phase culture conditions. The maximum wood-destroying activity observed on pine and larch wood – the mass loss of substrates was 16 and 20%, respectively. On Pinus sylvestris sawdust, the total content of polysaccharides decreased by 1,2 times due to the fermentolysis of the hardly hydrolyzable fraction (a decrease of 1,4 times); the content of lignin substances did not change significantly. On the sawdust of Larix sibirica, the amount of polysaccharides decreased by 1,3 times in comparison with the initial substrate; lignin – in 1,2 times.
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