The study was aimed to estimate the relationship between the prevalence of allergic disease and helminth invasion by the trematode Opisthorchis felineus in rural and urban populations of Tomsk Oblast (West Siberia, Russia). Two hundred and one people from Kargasok village of Tomsk Oblast and 196 from the city of Tomsk were screened for the presence of atopy and O. felineus invasion. Opisthorchosis was found in 66 participants (32.8%) from Kargasok and in 22 people (11.2%) from Tomsk. Atopic diseases were more common in the urban population than in the rural: 52.8 and 31.4%, respectively. Positive skin-prick tests were significantly higher in the urban population than in rural people: 83.2 vs 24.4%, respectively. It was found that in the city, the presence of antibodies to O. felineus negatively correlates with the atopic sensitization by skin-prick tests. However, in the village, opisthorchosis was positively associated with atopic diseases. The data obtained confirm the negative association of rural lifestyle and atopic diseases prevalence and indicate that O. felineus invasion might be a modifying factor of this relationship in Tomsk Oblast.
Immune cells and immune-derived molecules, endocrine glands and hormones, the nervous system and neuro molecules form the combined tridirectional neuroimmune network, which plays a significant role in the communication pathways and regulation at the level of the whole organism and local levels, in both healthy persons and patients with allergic rhinitis based on an allergic inflammatory process. This review focuses on a new research paradigm devoted to neuronal-immune cell units, which are involved in allergic inflammation in the nose and neuroimmune control of the nasal mucociliary immunologically active epithelial barrier. The categorization, cellular sources of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, and their prevalent profiles in constituting allergen tolerance maintenance or its breakdown are discussed. Novel data on the functional structure of the nasal epithelium based on a transcriptomic technology, single-cell RNA-sequencing results, are considered in terms of neuroimmune regulation. Notably, the research of pathogenesis and therapy for atopic allergic diseases, including recently identified local forms, from the viewpoint of the tridirectional interaction of the neuroimmune network and discrete neuronal-immune cell units is at the cutting-edge.
Аn analytical review of modern methods of food intolerance diagnostics based on interpretation of markers used in the various tests is рresented. It is shown that tests based on observation of the reaction of specific antibodies of the immune system to food antigens tested, are the most accurate, reliable and representative for the diagnosis of food intolerance.
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