Neuronal-Immune Cell Units in Allergic Inflammation in the Nose

Klimov, Vladimir V.; Cherevko, N. A.; Klimov, Andrew; Novikov, P. S.

doi:10.3390/ijms23136938

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Immune cells and immune-derived molecules, endocrine glands and hormones, the nervous system, and neuro-derived molecules form the combined tridirectional neuroimmune network, which plays a significant role in communication pathways and regulation at the level of the whole organism and at local levels [103]. The details of such neuronalimmune cell units have been studied in allergic inflammation of the nose [103].…”

Section: Neuro-immune Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Marrow: The Central Immune System

Schirrmacher¹

2023

Immuno

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Bone marrow is known as the site of hematopoiesis. What is not being described in textbooks of immunology is the fact that bone marrow is not only a generative, but also an antigen-responsive, immune organ. It is also a major storage site for antigen-specific memory B and T cells. That bone marrow is a priming site for T cell responses to blood borne antigens was discovered exactly 20 years ago. This review celebrates this important discovery. The review provides a number of examples of medical relevance of bone marrow as a central immune system, including cancer, microbial infections, autoimmune reactions, and bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived stromal cells provide distinct bone marrow niches for stem cells and immune cells. By transmitting anti-inflammatory dampening effects, facilitating wound healing and tissue regeneration mesenchymal stem cells contribute to homeostasis of bone and other tissues. Based on the evidence presented, the review proposes that bone marrow is a multifunctional and protective immune system. In an analogy to the central nervous system, it is suggested that bone marrow be designated as the central immune system.

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Section: Neuro-immune Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Marrow: The Central Immune System

Schirrmacher¹

2023

Immuno

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“…The submucosa or subepithelial region of the nose comprises abundant immune cells that contribute to allergic inflammation, which is also regulated by neuroimmune-derived factors (7). The exposure to an allergen promotes the cross-linking of mucosal mast cell (MC) and basophil surface-bound IgE with its receptor and rapidly induces nasal symptoms in sensitized individuals through degranulation and the release of various chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandin D2, and cysteinyl leukotrienes (5,8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmune communication in allergic rhinitis

Zhou,

Chen,

Kong

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) is high worldwide. The inhalation of allergens induces AR, which is an immunoglobulin E-mediated and type 2 inflammation-driven disease. Recently, the role of neuroimmune communication in AR pathogenesis has piqued the interest of the scientific community. Various neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU), released via “axon reflexes” or “central sensitization” exert regulatory effects on immune cells to elicit “neurogenic inflammation,” which contributes to nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) in AR. Additionally, neuropeptides can be produced in immune cells. The frequent colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at certain anatomical regions promotes the establishment of neuroimmune cell units, such as nerve-mast cells, nerve-type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), nerve-eosinophils and nerve-basophils units. Receptors expressed both on immune cells and neurons, such as TRPV1, TRPA1, and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediate AR pathogenesis. This review focused on elucidating the mechanisms underlying neuroimmune communication in AR.

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“…In their review paper, Klimov et al [ 6 ] point to a significant connection between the tridirectional neuroimmune network, which plays a crucial role in the communication pathways and the regulatory networks at all the systemic and local levels in both healthy and allergic rhinitis conditions. This paper focuses on neuroimmune control of the nasal mucociliary immunologically active epithelial barrier.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%