In the present article, the experimental research of electrochemical cleaning of oil-contaminated soil is provided. The decrease of oil concentration in the soil from 1100 mg/kg down to 250 mg/kg at the current density in the range from 22 A/m2 to 174 A/m2 during 90 minutes is shown. It has been established that there is the limit amount of charge required for effective cleaning, which amounted to 0.96·107 coulombs per kilogram of oil. The electrodes placement variant for the proposed method realization in real conditions is described. It is shown that at a voltage between the electrodes about 18 V and the cleaning efficiency of 77% the energy consumption will be 173 MJ/kg of oil.
The paper investigates the use of cress (Zabava and Krupnolistovoi varieties) and wheat (Salavat Yulaev and Omskaya varieties) as phytoecological indicators. The object for testing was still waste liquid, the main waste of soda ash production. The toxicity was assessed by three parameters (seed germination, length and dry weight of the seedlings). It is shown that the still waste liquid has an acute toxic effect on all phytoecological indicators used. It has been found that the regression equations for seed germination and dry weight of seedlings in contrast to their average length for all plants do not adequately describe the experimental results and can not be used to evaluate the safe dilution factor. The safe dilution factor, determined by the average length of the seedlings, for cress Zabava is 34.7 and cress Krupnolistovoi is 34.4, and for wheat Salavat Yulaev is 73.0 and for wheat Omskaya is 81.8. It was established that the safe dilution factor determined with the use of different plant species varies quite strongly.
The most essential scientifific and practical task in the area of ecological safety of pipelines operation is the development and improvement of methods of purifification and restoration of oil-contaminated soils. One of the most effificient and cost effective methods is electrochemical purifification, that does not require the use of expensive chemical reagents and soil excavation. However, the consideration of non-uniform contamination of various soil sections is required. The article examines the features of the organization and technological infrastructure for electrochemical purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soils when using a single electrical energy source, a method for calculating the design parameters of the corresponding installation is proposed. Effificient purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soil when using a specifified voltage is possible through the use of different-sized electrodes. For each soil type, the amount of transmitted electric charge required for soil purifification is determined by the concentration of the contaminant. Allocation of cathodes and anodes as parallel batteries and their connection using individual buses is an effective and energy-effificient solution, since an almost-uniform electric fifield is created in an inter-electrode space, thus allowing the reduction of the interelectrode resistance of the medium.
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