Morinda citrifolia, also known as noni, is commonly used in popular medicine in Brazil. Many parts of the noni tree are utilized in such practices, including the roots, leaves and seeds. Through a search of online databases, the present article reviews 92 research studies on the biological actions of M. citrifolia. The paper will discuss the therapeutic effects of noni and its compounds in a variety of forms of presentation, focusing on studies that support its traditional use. A large and diverse number of properties were identified, which were divided into immunostimulatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antibacterial and anti-septic, antifungal, antiviral, leishmanicidal, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive and analgesic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, wound healing, antiallergic, antiangiogenic, antiemetic and anti-nausea, anti-gastric ulcer and oesophagitis, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, photoprotective, anti-wrinkle and periodontal tissue regeneration activities. While it was concluded that although M. citrifolia is widely and successfully used for the treatment or prevention of various diseases, it should be consumed carefully, and only after exhaustive studies into its chemical constituents and mechanisms of action, both in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as clinical trials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RESUMO.Com o objetivo de determinar a frequência de endoparasitos em cães e gatos, foi realizado um levantamento dos resultados de exames coproparasitológicos, executados na rotina de um Laboratório Veterinário em São Luís -Maranhão, no período de julho de 2012 a julho de 2015. Nesse período foram realizados 780 exames, sendo 92% de cães e 8% de gatos. Deste total, 23% das amostras foram positivas para pelo menos um parasito. Ancylostoma sp. foi o gênero mais frequente em ambas as espécies com 48% dos cães e 63% dos gatos parasitados. Quanto à infecção, 80% dos cães e 86% dos gatos apresentaram infecção única, enquanto que 20% dos cães e 14% dos gatos apresentaram infecção múltipla. Esses resultados revelam uma incidência expressiva, o que representa elevados riscos não só aos animais como também na saúde humana e tal fato reforça a necessidade de implementar medidas efetivas no sentido de reduzir a carga parasitária dos animais e minimizar os riscos de infecção humana. Palavras-chave: Levantamento epidemiológico, prevalência, caninos, felinos Endoparasites in digs and cats diagnosed in São Luís -MaranhãoABSTRACT. In order to determine the frequency of endoparasites in dogs and cats, a survey was conducted of the results of parasitological tests, performed in the routine of a Veterinary Laboratory in São Luís -MA, from July 2012 to July 2015. In this period they were conducted 780 tests, 92% of dogs and cats 8%. Of this total, 23% of the samples were positive for at least one parasite. Ancylostoma sp. it was the most common genre in both species with 48% of dogs and 63% of infected cats. Regarding infection, 80% of dogs and 86% of cats showed only infected, while 20% of dogs and 14% of cats showed multiple infections. These results reveal a significant impact, which is a high risk not only to animals but also on human health and this fact reinforces the need to implement effective measures to reduce the parasite load of animals and minimize the risk of human infection.
Objetivou-se avaliar a carga parasitária da cama de frango de uma granja avícola localizada no município de Paço do Lumiar-MA. Foram coletadas 50 amostras de cama de frango de 10 galpões. Essa cama já havia sido utilizada seis vezes nos lotes anteriores. Para as análises parasitológicas foram utilizados os métodos de Sedimentação Espontânea, Método de Sheather, Esporulação para diagnóstico de oocistos de coccídios. Foram identificados ovos de nematódeos dos gêneros Strongyloides (72%), Heterakis (18%) e Ascaridia (10%). As larvas as do gênero Strongyloides destacaram-se como as mais prevalentes, com frequência de 97% de casos, seguido geohelmintos (3%). Encontrou-se 1200 oocistos de Eimeria, no estágio de esporulação. Foram encontrados também ácaros e cascudinhos (Alphitobius diaperinus). Conclui-se que a alta frequência de parasitos presentes na cama de frango pode estar relacionada à falha de manejo.
The diversity of neoplasms observed in dogs can vary geographically depending on individual susceptibility, the habitat of the animals, and environmental characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of neoplasms in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Maranhão from 2008 to 2015. We studied the medical records of 1089 dogs affected by neoplasms and treated at a hospital during the period of study, relating to the casuistry with their breed, age, sex and origin. The present study included 764 cases that were confirmed through cytopathology. The most prevalent tumors were transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) (20.17%), adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland (19.53%), mixed malignant tumor of the mammary gland (18.63%), mast cell tumor (11.31%), and mammary carcinoma (6.42%). Females with a mean age of 9.2 years were the most affected, as were SRDs, Poodles, American Pitbulls, and Dobermann Pinschers. According to the cytomorphogenetic classification, the round cell tumors were the most prevalent, with values close to those of epithelial, followed by mixed and mesenchymal cells.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of canine distemper in animals attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Maranhão. Data collection of 10200 medical records of dogs was made, attended from January 2011 to December 2013, looking for suspected and confirmed cases. 461 animals were diagnosed with the disease and 202 were considered suspects, in a total of 663 cases of distemper. The percentage of affected males was 53.4% and females 46.6%. Regarding to age, the most affected age group was between 0-5 years, totaling 89.59%, and the least affected group, between 11 to 17 years (2.3%). Regarding to the breed, the most prevalent breeds were mongrel animals (65.5%), Poodle (12.5%), Pinscher (8.7%) and Pitbull (2.9%). The disease occurred all year long, with the highest prevalence in the months from July to September and lower prevalence in April and December. There was a high prevalence of canine distemper in comparison to the number of dogs attended at the veterinary hospital, which supports the importance of implementing measures to prevent and control the disease.
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