INTRODUCTIONCalcium Hydroxide was introduced in endodontics as a direct pulpcapping agent and is highly recommended and widely accepted as an inter-appointment intracanal endodontic dressing. It demonstrates a pronounced antibacterial activity against most of the bacterial species identified in endodontic infections. It can be mixed with a variety of vehicles such as distilled water, saline solution, propylene glycol and glycerine. Most of the substances used as vehicles do not have significant antimicrobial activity. However, due to the relative inefficiency of CH in the elimination of both facultative anaerobes and yeasts, it has been combined with other medicaments such as 2% CHX gel, Iodoform, Camphorated Paramonochlorophenol (CPMC), to obtain a wide spectrum antimicrobial action [1].The merits of CH have also been disputed, not only concerning its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent, but also because of possible apical leakage of the obturated canal system after its use [2]. Incomplete removal of CH medicaments from root canal surface, prevents the sealer from penetrating into the dentinal tubules, interferes with the normal setting reaction resulting in potential reduction of sealer adaptation, thus, affecting the seal of obturating material leading to microleakage and subsequent treatment failure [3]. Hence, while placing an intracanal medicament it is important to consider its effect on leakage of the root canal system [4].The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three CH based intracanal medicaments on the apical sealing ability of AH Plus-guttapercha obturation. The medicaments used in the study were freshly prepared paste of CH mixed with normal saline, freshly prepared paste of CH mixed with 2% CHX solution and a commercially available paste of CH and iodoform in silicone oil-Vitapex. Hypothesis tested was that CH based intracanal medicaments would adversely affect the apical sealing ability of AH Plus guttapercha obturated root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis in vitro study was carried out in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Hundred permanent single rooted, non-carious human teeth with intact apices and curvature less than 10 degrees extracted for periodontal or orthodontic reasons were selected for the study. Teeth with immature root apices, cracks, root caries, curvatures, fracture and resorption defects were excluded. Samples were disinfected in 5% sodium hypochlorite (PDP, India) solution for one hour and stored in 0.9% normal saline (Althea Pharma Pvt. Ltd. India) in air tight containers until use. Specimen Preparation:To ensure that all specimens were the same length they were resected 15 mm from the apex using a diamond disc with water coolant. The length was standardized Keywords: AH Plus, Chlorhexidine, Saline, Vitapex ABSTRACT Introduction: Calcium Hydroxide (CH) is one of the most commonly used intracanal medicaments which can be used with various vehicles.
Background: Composite resins are choice of restorations due to their lifelike characteristics. Recently "microhybrid "and "nanohybrid" composites have been introduced. Microhybrids and Nanocomposites have a small particle size and possess better qualities as compared to traditional composite resins. The intake of beverages like black tea, coffee green tea has increased in the community. The beverages cause discoloration with time on the composite restorations making it aesthetically unacceptable.Aim: Aim is to evaluate discoloration of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins by black tea, black coffee, green tea and distilled water at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days.Methodology: 160 samples were fabricated in molds from two nanohybrid composite and two microhybrid composites. They were light cured and allocated into four groups were stored in an incubator throughout the experiment at 37° C. Initial baseline color was recorded by a spectrophotometer. These samples were immersed in vials containing black tea, black coffee, green tea and distilled water for three, six, nine, 12 days. Color analysis was done at each interval. Statistical analysis:Data was tabulated and the readings after immersion and baseline were compared between four composite resins. Data were analyzed using the appropriate test by testing normality. A p value <0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: Significant discoloration was observed in all four composite resins. Discoloration increased from the third day to 12th day. Maximum discoloration was observed on the 12th day. Conclusion:The order of discoloration in the beverages was: Flash > Tetric n ceram > matrix > tetricceram. The order of discoloration caused by test solutions on composite resin was: Black coffee>black tea>green tea > distilled water.
For over hundred years Gutta Percha (GP) has been the most common material used for the obturation of the root canal. GP was the standard with which newer materials were tested. GP fulfills all the characteristics of an ideal root canal filling material, but has a disadvantage of not being able to seal the root canal on its own and requires a sealer for providing an effective seal. In an attempt to overcome this draw back a new root canal filling material was introduced, called, Resilon which is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material and Epiphany being the sealer. This material has the ability of forming a Monoblock with the root canal. The properties of this material has been studied, it has shown promising results and has emerged as a alternative to GP.
Management of non vital maxillary central incisors with open apex Management of non vital maxillary central incisors with open apex Management of non vital maxillary central incisors with open apex Management of non vital maxillary central incisors with open apex AbstractThe case report describes the treatment of maxillary central incisors with open apex, due to apical root resorption, as a consequence of trauma experienced three years earlier. Open apices pose a challenge during endodontic treatment. Several materials and methods have been widely studied and tried in the past. Obtaining an adequate apical seal is of paramount importance regardless of the material or technique used. In the present case the involved teeth were treated nonsurgically using white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an artificial apical barrier. The treated teeth were asymptomatic and the follow up clinical and radiographic examination showed healing with apparent regeneration of periradicular tissues. Extrusion of MTA beyond the root end was not an obstacle in the healing process. MTA can be considered an effective material to treat infected open apex teeth with large periapical lesions.
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