Serum PICP level is a strong and independent predictor of fQRS. Discriminative performance of serum PICP levels for the presence of fQRS is high. The present results are the first to demonstrate that fQRS may indicate myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertension.

Acute scrotum is an urological emergency described as sudden-onset scrotal pain, redness and swelling. Testis torsion comprises nearly 35%-40% of acute scrotal pathologies (Huang et al., 2013). In this uropathology, the spermatic cord twists around itself disrupting testis perfusion (Ameli et al., 2018). Prompt treatment is very important to prevent tissue damage due to ischaemic condition. The standard treatment approach in these cases is manual or surgical detorsion as an emergency, rather than that examines causes. In the literature, it was shown that detorsion is associated with high testis tissue preservation rates within the first 6 hr (Ta et al., 2016). In addition to this, cases successfully treated for testis torsion may be faced with some significant pathologies such as testicular atrophy, disrupted semen quality and infertility throughout their lives (Moghimiani et al., 2017). These clinical outcomes are directly related to ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Reperfusion after appropriate interventions to ischaemic testis tissue due to blocked blood flow causes a severe increase in oxidative stress factor levels, and this situation leads to irreversible critical injury

Endothelin-1 has been shown to increase neuronal activity and glutaminergic synaptic transmission by endothelin-A receptors (ETAR) in the nucleus tractus solitarius neurons that play an important role in epileptic seizures. Therefore, BQ-123 as an ETAR antagonist might attenuate neuronal excitability and glutaminergic synaptic transmission. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of acute BQ-123 treatment against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced tonic–clonic seizures. Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, PTZ, and PTZ + BQ-123 groups. BQ-123 (3 mg/kg, intravenously) was administered for 15 min before injecting with PTZ (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). We determined a delay resulting from BQ-123 in “duration of the seizure onset.” “Number of rats with major seizure” also decreased according to scoring with video camera in PTZ + BQ-123 group. In BQ-123-treated group, there were eight rats without a major seizure, but only one rat had a delayed major seizure. The brain tissue glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased in the PTZ and PTZ + BQ-123 groups. According to the results of the control group, there was a significant increase in the protein carbonyl levels of the PTZ group and a significant increase in the nitric oxide levels of the PTZ + BQ-123 group. Histological examination showed an increase in the number of neuronal hyperchromatic nucleus especially in hippocampal gyrus dentatus region of BQ-123-treated group. We concluded that BQ-123 impeded the formation and spread of seizure to a great degree. The beneficial effects of BQ-123 were comparatively supported with biochemical parameters and histological examinations.

ABSTRACT. Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial, inflammatory small bowel disorder characterized by nutrient malabsorption resulting from mucosal damage, the latter induced by cereal products like barley, oat, and wheat. Oxidative stress has previously been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms that affects the structure of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), with levels being dependent on the amount of oxidative stress and whether or not there is an association with the mutations DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, and DRB1*04 that are frequently reported for CD. SOD and GSH-Px polymorphisms were investigated by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 265 cases. Of the 117 cases that had at least one of DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, or DRB1*04, 98 (83.75%) also had SOD enzyme polymorphisms and 68 (58.12%) also had GSH-Px polymorphisms. In conclusion, although the etiology of CD is not yet entirely clear, many mechanisms have been suggested. This study supports the notion that SOD and GSH-Px polymorphisms are involved in CD development, even though our findings were not Antioxidant enzyme polymorphisms in celiac disease statistically significant, and, furthermore, are influenced at various levels. SOD polymorphisms and activities were more frequently identified than those of GSH-Px.

This experimental study aims to evaluate the efficacy of milrinone against ischaemia‐reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion/detorsion. Group 1 was defined as the control group. Testicular torsion/detorsion model was performed in Group 2. Group 3 had similar procedures to the rats in Group 2. In addition, 0.5 mg/kg of milrinone was administered intraperitoneally immediately after testicular torsion in Group 3. Histopathological examinations indicated a dramatic improvement in terms of inflammation, haemorrhage, oedema, congestion, Cosentino and Johnson scores in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p = .037, p = .045, p = .018, p = .040, p = .033 and p = .03 respectively). Blood biochemical analyses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐px) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels increased significantly in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p = .001, p = .024 and p < .001). Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), interleukin 1beta (IL‐1beta), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels decreased in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p = .001, p = .018, p < .001, p = .036 and p = .002 respectively). Tissue biochemical analyses determined an increase in SOD and GSH‐px activity in Group 3 compared to Group 2, while PC and MDA levels were reduced (p = .001, p < .001, p = .038 and p < .001 respectively). Milrinone attenuates ischaemia‐reperfusion injury that causes highly harmful effects due to testicular torsion/detorsion.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine against ischaemia‐reperfusion injury occurring after priapism in a model of induced‐priapism in rats. A total of 18 male rats were randomised into three groups. Group 1 was the control group. A priapism model was performed rats in Group 2 and then ischaemia‐reperfusion injury was evaluated. Group 3 had similar procedures to the rats in Group 2. Rats in Group 3 additionally had 100 μg/kg dexmedetomidine administered intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were analysed. Biochemical analysis of blood samples revealed a decrease in the levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1 Beta), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha) in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p:.04, p:.009 and p:.009, respectively). Similarly, the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level was in Group 2 (p:.002). The levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities were significantly higher in Group 3 than that of Group 2 (p:.037 and p:.045, respectively). Direct microscopic examinations revealed positive changes in desquamation, oedema, inflammation and vasocongestion scores in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p:.007, p:.008, p:.007 and p:.006, respectively). Dexmedetomidine has a protective effect against ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in penile tissue.

Objectives: Early diagnosis and treatment of oncological disease is extremely important and tumor marker tests are a valuable tool; however, requests for testing should not be used in excess or without sufficient cause. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the appropriateness of requests for tumor marker tests at a single hospital. Methods: Tumor marker tests for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA) 15-3, CA 19-9, and CA 125 performed by a single biochemistry laboratory between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 were assessed retrospectively. These tumor markers can be used for screening, diagnostic confirmation, estimating prognosis, and monitoring for recurrence. The departments of internal medicine, gastroenterology, endocrine diseases, chest diseases, general surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, and medical oncology were the most common sources of the requests. Results: There were 1420 (40%) requests for CEA, 671 (19%) for CA15-3, 868 (25%) for CA 19-9, and 585 (16%) for CA 125 during the study period. A significant difference based on gender was determined in requests for CEA and CA 125 (p<0.001 and p=0.033, respectively). In all, 312 (22%) of requests for CEA markers, 202 (30.1%) for CA 15-3, 204 (23.5%) for CA 19-9, and 113 (19.3%) for CA 125 requests were above the reference range. Significant positive correlations were determined between age and CEA, CA 15-3, and CA 19-9 tumor markers (r=0.262, p<0.001; r=0.096, p=0.013; r=0.090, p=0.008, respectively). The preliminary diagnoses supporting the requests included non-specific pain, acute vaginitis, anemia, anxiety disorder, dyspepsia, neoplasia, and thyroid disorder. Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that outpatient clinics made an excessive number of tumor marker requests inconsistent with the preliminary diagnosis. Overutilization of laboratory testing incurs significant costs and affects workload, and may also have other potentially adverse effects on patient care.

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