The genus Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae), with about 160 species belonging to the subtribe Scorzonerinae Dumort. of the tribe Cichorieae, is widespread in the more arid regions of Eurasia and northern Africa (Bremer and Anderberg, 1994;Nazarova, 1997).After the genus Scorzonera s.str. was revised by Chamberlain (1975) for the Flora of Turkey, many new species have been recorded from Turkey. The classification of the genus has been highly controversial (Nazarova, 1997;Mavrodiev et al., 2004), and because of this different taxonomic treatments have been used in the floras. Starting with De Candolle (1805), frequently Scorzonera species with a conspicuous cylindric carpopodium were placed under a separate genus,

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Morphological measurements and micromorphological photographs were done with a Leica S6D microscope. Herbarium specimens were photographed with a Canon

The new species, Tragopogon anatolicus A.Duran, B.Doğan & Coşkunç. sp. nov. (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated from Cilo Mt. (Hakkari), south-east Anatolia, Turkey. Tragopogon anatolicus is a local endemic, most similar to T. buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss. Diagnostic morphological characters of these two closely related taxa are discussed. A phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequence data indicated that T. buphthalmoides is the sister species of the new taxon. Ecology, biogeography and conservation status of the new species are also presented.

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Scorzonera ahmet‐duranii S. Makbul & Coskuncelebi sp. nov. (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to Turkey. It is morphologically similar to S. semicana DC., but differs by its rootstock, deeply undulating basal leaves and glabrous achenes. Additionally, the size and micro‐morphological properties of achenes and some anatomical traits of the leaf and stem are helpful in distinguishing these closely related taxa. A phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequence data showed that S. semicana is the sister species of the new taxon presented in this study.

Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae) includes several cryptic species that are geographically widespread and morphologically similar. Here, we describe two new native species from eastern Anatolia. Through both morphological and molecular data, we present diagnostic characteristics, descriptions, pollen grains and micro‐ and macro‐morphological properties of achenes, as well as the conservation status of the newly described species. Current morphological and molecular results support treating T. reticulatus Boiss. & Huet and the two newly described taxa under the section Profundisulcati Kuthath. Molecular phylogentic reconstructions based on ITS data show that T. longirostris Sch. Bip. is a distinct species rather than a subspecies of T. porrifolius L. (T. porrifolius subsp. longirostris (Sch. Bip.) Greuter) and that ligule colour is not a taxonomically important trait at the subrageneric level.

In the present paper, two little-known species (T. olympicus Boiss. and T. pichleri Boiss.) endemic to Turkey are evaluated in terms of morphology based on numerous authentic and/or new collections. Additionally, the phylogenetic positions of these little-known species are evaluated based on newly generated sequences of nrDNA ITS, trnL and trnL-F. As a result of the morphological examination, lectotypes are designated and documented for both species together with amended diagnosis. The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS data indicates that T. olympicus and T. latifolius Boiss. var. angustifolius are sister taxa, while T. dubius Scop. and T. pichleri are nested together in a different subclade of Tragopogon sect. Majores (Artemcz.) Kuthath s.l. However, neither species is resolved in the cpDNA tree due to low nucleotide diversity. The present results support treating T. olympicus and T. pichleri as members of Tragopogon sect. Sosnovskya Boriss. and Tragopogon sect. Majores, respectively.