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The present study reports the simple, inexpensive, eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using coconut oil cake extract. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy peak at 3 keV confirmed the presence of silver. Transmission electron micrograph showed that nanoparticles are mostly circular with an average size of 10-70 nm. The results of the X-ray powder diffraction analysis (2θ = 46.2, 67.4 and 76.8) indicated the crystal nature of the AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicates that proteins present in the oilcake extract could be responsible for the reduction of silver ions. The synthesized AgNPs (1-4 mm) reduced the growth rate of multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Aeromonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Citrobacter sp. isolated from livestock wastewater.

Solanum nigrum, a medicinal plant, traditionally used in treating diabetes mellitus. In this study, we used the leaf extract of the plant to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as a proposition to treat alloxaninduced diabetic rats. The phytosynthesised AgNPs were analyzed using UV-visible and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy for their functional groups. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that, the synthesized particles are found to be 4-25 nm in size. Monodispersed and spherical nature of synthesized AgNPs were shown by scanning electron microscope and the presence of Ag in the AgNPs was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum. The phytosynthesised AgNPs were evaluated for its antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. AgNPs-treated diabetic rats found to be significantly improved the dyslipidemic condition as seen in the diabetic control. Furthermore, it also reduced the blood glucose level over the period of treatment. The improvement in body weight was also found to be evidence for S. nigrum extract-mediated AgNPs as a potential antidiabetic agent against alloxaninduced diabetic rats.

A novel fungal strain, Penicillium sp. CHY-2, isolated from Antarctic soils, was effective for the degradation of decane at lower (20 °C) and medium (30 °C) temperatures.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with biological properties is of vast significance in the development of scientifically valuable products. In the present study, we describe simple, unprecedented, nontoxic, eco-friendly, green synthesis of AgNPs using an Indian traditional farming formulating agent, panchakavya. Silver nitrate (1 mM) solution was mixed with panchakavya filtrate for the synthesis of AgNPs. The nanometallic dispersion was characterized by surface plasmon absorbance measuring 430 nm. Transmission electron microscopy showed the morphology and size of the AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that proteins in the panchakavya were involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs. In addition, we studied the antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs (1–4 mM) extensively reduced the growth rate of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Aeromonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Citrobacter sp., according to the increasing concentration of AgNPs.

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