ÖzBu çalışma, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininde son dönemde daha görünür hale gelen ve ontolojik-epistemolojik temelleri dil çalışmalarına dayanan söylemsel yaklaşımların serüvenini eleştirel söylem analizi çalışmalarına özel yer ayırarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle Türkiye'deki uluslararası ilişkiler çalışmalarında söylem analizine fazlaca başvurulmasına rağmen, bu çalışmaların kavramsal ve teorik tartışmalarının yeterince irdelenmemesi bu çalışmanın temel motivasyonunu oluşturmaktadır. Eleştirel söylem çalışmalarının disipline sunduğu analitik ve düşünsel imkânları da değerlendiren makale, ilk bölümde uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinindeki kuramsal dönüşümlere kısaca değinmektedir. Sonrasında çalışma disiplindeki 'dil' temelli çalışmaların etkisini ve söylemsel yaklaşımlar arasındaki farklı varsayımları ve metodolojileri incelemektedir. Makalenin ikinci bölümü, eleştirel söylem analizini şekillendiren önemli düşünürleri ve bu analizin başvurduğu araçları incelemekte ve eleştirel söylemin aydınlanmayı yeniden ve daha adil-eşit şekilde gerçekleştirme/kurma amacına odaklanmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Dil, Eleştirel Söylem, Adil ve Eşit Düzen, Aydınlanma, Özgürleşme.
Critical Discourse Era in International Relations:The Advance of Revisionist Discourse
AbstractThis study aims to assess the trajectory of discursive approach, by paying special attention to critical discourse studies, which has currently gained further importance in the field of international relations and has its ontological-epistemological origins in language studies. Discourse analysis studies have been frequently employed in international relations in Turkey; however, conceptual and theoretical dimensions of these studies have not been examined in detail which forms a basic motivation of the current research. The article does not only evaluate the analytical and intellectual Özgün Araştırma Makalesi (Original Research Article) Geliş
This article attempts to analyze the impact of current international and regional dynamics on Qatar's foreign policy during Arab Spring with a special focus on the period from 2011 to 2013 coincided with former Emir Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani's leadership. Firstly, this study intends to comprehend Qatar's inconsistencies and contradictions both in domestic and foreign policy by giving importance to the leading concern of Qatar, namely, the regime survival, and its visible reflections on Qatar's regional and domestic stance. Subsequently, the article focuses on explaining the shifting position of Qatar toward Arab Spring in a different way, that is, through the concept of state-led change and the reasons behind how a tiny and monarchic country could adopt seemingly active role along with democratic discourse, albeit selective and conditional, toward the people's uprisings between 2011 and 2013.
Multiple-actor reality and the impact of different units, except the states in
stratified structural relations, have become more apparent in recent international
relations. Specifically, the rising role of Violent Non-State Actors (VNSA) in
regions like the Middle East and North Africa, and their challenges to the sole
and central position of states, reinforced this idea. Hence, comprehending the
possible actorhood of these groups within the structural relations consisting of
internal and external realms necessitates alternative concepts and challenging
arguments. The Neo-Weberian approach, inspired by historical sociology, offers
a grounded and balanced analysis of actors. This approach puts state-society at
the center of attention and, thus, looks at all dimensions (both actor and structure)
of social relations as ingrained in the theory of structuration. In this way, it seems
to capture the complex interactions between actors and structural dynamics, as
well as the dynamic transformation of both ontological realities. Along this line,
this study intends to illuminate the intriguing aspects and certain advantages
of the structuration approach by scrutinizing Hezbollah’s agency, which is
a critical VNSA in the Middle East, and its impact on structural relations, as
well as its evolution over time. In other words, as a modest contribution to the
structuration literature, the mutual interaction between agent and structure is
explored via a unique case. This study argues that Hezbollah emerged as a result
of the preexisting structural realities and, during the process, it proved its agency
and influential role on these stratified structural dynamics. To substantiate these
theoretical arguments, the permissive structural conditions in the region and in
Lebanon will be explained, and then Hezbollah’s impact as an actor on these
structural realities will be surveyed with a special emphasis on Hezbollah’s role
over two regional dynamics: Arab uprisings, particularly the Syrian internal war,
and its now hegemonic position in Lebanese politics.
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