IntroductionElevated cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and leptin levels are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has also been reported to increase this risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum concentrations of CT-1 and leptin in patients with OSAS and whether there is a possible association between CT-1, leptin and OSAS severity.Material and methodsFifty newly diagnosed OSAS patients and thirty nonapneic snoring subjects participated in this study. Fasting serum lipid profile markers were evaluated. The measurements of serum CT-1 and leptin levels were carried out using human ELISA kits.ResultsSignificant differences were found in the serum CT-1 and leptin levels between the two groups. Serum median CT-1 levels in patient and control groups, respectively, were 19.47; 8.23 pg/ml and leptin levels were 2.07; 1.29 ng/ml (p < 0.001). In the severe patient group, serum median CT-1 level was statistically significantly higher than the median level in the mild/moderate group. There was no correlation between patients’ leptin and lipid profile parameters and CT-1 concentrations were not associated with triglyceride, cholesterol or LDL cholesterol levels except HDL cholesterol: CT-1 levels were positively correlated with HDL levels (p = 0.02).ConclusionsBoth CT-1 and leptin were significantly elevated in the patient group. Furthermore, CT-1 and leptin were associated with OSAS and CT-1 was associated with the disease severity.
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is described as repetitive apnea episodes that lead to inflammation, ischemia/hypoxia, and may also have effects on mineral and metabolic markers. We aimed to examine the relationships between calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), the Ca/Mg ratio, insulin sensitivity-resistance markers (glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment indicator of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), cardiovascular markers (lipids, lipoproteins), and their relationships with each other, and to find out the possible influence of Ca/Mg ratio on metabolic markers in OSAS. Materials and Methods: Male patients' metabolic markers and mineral levels were compared with those of control subjects. Results: In the OSAS group, fasting glucose and insulin levels were statistically significantly higher (p=0.004 and 0.003, respectively), and fasting glucose levels were correlated with Ca, Mg, and Ca/Mg ratios (0.012, 0.001, and 0.000, respectively). Calcium levels were correlated with HOMA-IR (p= 0.015). Severe OSAS patients had a statistically significantly higher Ca/Mg ratios (p=0.017) and HOMA-IR levels (p=0.003) than mild/moderate group, but the correlation between the Ca/Mg ratio and HOMA-IR was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Mg and Ca levels appear to be related to insulin resistance markers in patients. Severe OSAS patients had statistically higher Ca/Mg ratios than mild/moderate groups, so they might represent a risk group with respect to diabetes.
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