Cardiotrophin-1 and leptin as cardiovascular risk markers in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract

IntroductionElevated cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and leptin levels are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has also been reported to increase this risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum concentrations of CT-1 and leptin in patients with OSAS and whether there is a possible association between CT-1, leptin and OSAS severity.Material and methodsFifty newly diagnosed OSAS patients and thirty nonapneic snoring subjects participated in this study. Fasting serum lipid profile markers were evaluated. The measurements of serum CT-1 and leptin levels were carried out using human ELISA kits.ResultsSignificant differences were found in the serum CT-1 and leptin levels between the two groups. Serum median CT-1 levels in patient and control groups, respectively, were 19.47; 8.23 pg/ml and leptin levels were 2.07; 1.29 ng/ml (p < 0.001). In the severe patient group, serum median CT-1 level was statistically significantly higher than the median level in the mild/moderate group. There was no correlation between patients’ leptin and lipid profile parameters and CT-1 concentrations were not associated with triglyceride, cholesterol or LDL cholesterol levels except HDL cholesterol: CT-1 levels were positively correlated with HDL levels (p = 0.02).ConclusionsBoth CT-1 and leptin were significantly elevated in the patient group. Furthermore, CT-1 and leptin were associated with OSAS and CT-1 was associated with the disease severity.

The Association Between Serum/Plasma Leptin Levels and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

“…Then another 26 articles were excluded for the different reasons indicated in Figure 1 . As shown in Table 1 , three were conducted in China ( 18 , 29 , 45 ), five in the USA ( 14 , 34 , 42 ), four in Poland ( 19 , 21 , 31 ), nine in Turkey ( 11 , 13 , 20 , 32 , 35 , 38 , 44 , 46 ), five in Spain ( 12 , 22 , 37 ), one in Australia ( 23 ), three in India ( 24 , 40 ), three in Greece ( 26 , 30 ), three in Italy ( 33 , 41 ), one in Brazil ( 36 ), two in Belgium ( 43 ), one in Egypt ( 15 ). With regard to ethnicity, 33 studies were performed with Caucasians ( 11 – 14 , 19 – 23 , 26 , 30 – 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 – 44 , 46 ), 11 with Asians ( 18 – 25 , 29 , 39 , 40 , 45 ), and one with Latinos ( 36 ) of the 45 studies, 13 reported leptin levels in plasma ( 12 , 14 , 19 , 22 , 30 , 33 , 42 , 46 ), and 32 ( 11 , 13 , 15 , 20 , 21 <...>…”

“…Thirteen are cross-sectional study ( 13 , 26 , 28 , 32 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 43 ). Thirty-one are case-control study ( 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 18 – 23 , 25 , 27 , 29 – 31 , 33 – 36 , 38 , 41 , 44 – 46 ). Nine studies included children ( 14 , 29 , 34 , 42 , 43 , 45 ).…”

“…First, none of the studies were adjusted to reflect possible confounding factors such as stable daily routine, smoking, or alcohol consumption. And there are only two articles in the original literatures ( 26 , 44 ) were concerning on male patients with OSA. Although we tried our best to control the confound founding factors, some potential confounding factors may affect the conclusion more or less.…”

Effect of gestational weight gain on insulin resistance mediated by serum adipokine concentrations in advanced maternal age

“…We also observed that serum leptin concentrations were significantly associated with HOMA-IR levels after adjustment for some confounding factors including maternal age, education, P-BMI, age at menarche, parity, abortion, WG in the third trimester of pregnancy, FBG, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and serum adipokine concentrations. Physiologically, leptin is synthesized and secreted from placental trophoblasts into the maternal circulation in considerable amounts during pregnancy [ 34 , 35 ] and the serum concentration of leptin was higher in pregnant women than that in nonpregnant women, with the peak occurring around the 28 th week of gestation. At the same time, the trend of IR [ 36 , 37 ] was similar to that of serum leptin concentration.…”

Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease: a literature review

“…They are considered as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, CT-1 induces hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro and contributes to cardiomyopathies and heart failure [ 16 ]. Levels of both markers are significantly increased in patients with OSA compared to controls, and are significantly elevated in severe OSA compared to mild to moderate OSA [ 16 ].…”