In this paper, responses of a single pile embedded in sand soil (loose and dense) under dynamic loading (sinusoidal dynamic vibrations of 0.1 g to 0.5 g) have been investigated by two-dimensional analysis using the finite element method (FEM). Viscous (dashpot) boundaries have been used for taking the boundary effects of far-field into account. The applicability and accuracy of site responses of two-dimensional analysis due to the FEM modelling have been well verified with one-dimensional site responses. The results indicate that the relative density of sand (loose, dense) becomes prominent for the displacements of the pile, specifically under the frequency effects of resonance. While the pile in loose sand causes the displacements of 0.1 m to 0.5 m, the pile in dense sand leads to the displacements of 0.05 m to 0.25 m, proportionally with the dynamic loads from 0.1 g to 0.5 g. Moreover, the displacements reach their peak value at the frequency ratio of the resonance case. Viscous boundaries are found sufficient for modelling excessive displacements due to dynamic loading. However, the displacements reveal that high vibrations (> 0.1 g for loose sand, > 0.2 g for dense sand) influencing the pile deformations are critical for the issues of settlements. This is more significant for the resonance case in order for ensuring sufficient design. Consequently, the findings from the study are promising good contributions for pile design under the dynamic effect.
This paper focuses on a stability analysis related to a highway constructed on a slope with high shear potential reinforced with the piles. For this purpose, a series of two-dimensional simulations were carried out by employing the finite element method. In the study, in order to provide the current state of topography, a numerical model was created based on data obtained from field and laboratory tests. It is aimed to define the safety factor of a slope under both static and dynamic loads, and that value was calculated for the following three cases: (i) for the slope unreinforced with the piles subjected to static loading, (ii) for the slope reinforced with the piles subjected to static loading, (iii) for the slope reinforced with the piles subjected to both static and dynamic loading. The numerical results indicate that it is a good approach to be used the piles to enhance the stability of the slope even though dynamic loading brings about to decline in the slope safety factor. Plus, the relevant value was determined to be 1.446 in the second case explained above while the same value was calculated to be 1.104 in the third case. Therefore, it is understood that the dynamic loads caused by the vehicles should be considered in the design of these kinds of problems, and the improvement method should be evaluated in detail.
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