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The knowledge of lichenicolous fungi in Turkey is relatively good when compared with other regions of the world, with 183 reported taxa (Halıcı et al., 2012(Halıcı et al., , 2013(Halıcı et al., , 2014. Halıcı (2008) reported 117 infrageneric taxa of lichenicolous fungi from Turkey and provided an identification key for those taxa.Cladonia is a large genus of lichenized fungi with more than 450 species recognized worldwide (Litterski and Ahti, 2004). It is also one of the most preferred lichenized fungus genera by lichenicolous fungi because of its relatively large thalli. So far about 85 species of lichenicolous fungi (including several slightly lichenized ones) have been reported to grow on this genus (Zhurbenko and Alstrup, 2004). However, only four cladoniicolous fungi species have been reported from Turkey: Dacampia cladoniicola Halici and A.O.Türk, Lichenoconium pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petr. and Syd., Roselliniella cladoniae (Anzi) Matzer and Hafellner, and Sphaerellothecium cladoniae (Alstrup and Zhurb.) Hafellner (Halıcı, 2008). Therefore, more lichenicolous taxa on Cladonia species are expected from Turkey. Starting in 2012, we have been conducting a project to determine the biodiversity of the lichenized fungus genus Cladonia in Turkey and the lichenicolous fungi on collected Cladonia specimens as well. The aim of this paper is to report the additions of new lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia in Turkey. Materials and methodsAll the lichenicolous fungi specimens detailed here are stored in the herbarium of Bozok University (Faculty of Science and Arts, Yozgat, Turkey). Their accession numbers are given in parentheses after the locality information. In addition, the specimens from Erciyes University herbarium were also examined. Specimens were examined in water, and 10% KOH and Lugol's iodine (MERCK 9261) solutions. Ascospore and conidia measurements were taken in water. The descriptive notes provided below are based on the Turkish specimens examined. Locality details of examined species are given in the Appendix. ResultsTwelve species of cladoniicolous fungi from Turkey reports in this study. Nine of these taxa, Abrothallus cladoniae R.Sant. & D.Hawksw., Epicladonia stenospora (Harm.) D.Hawksw., Lichenosticta alcicornaria (Linds.

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it is still far from being fully satisfactory. The lichenicolous fungi of Turkey have started to receive more attention during the last 5 years. Halıcı (2008a) published a key to the 117 known taxa of lichenicolous Ascomycota (including mitosporic fungi) of Turkey; since that publication, studies on lichenicolous fungi have continued (

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Zwackhiomyces turcicus is described as new from the thallus of Physcia magnussonii from southern Turkey. The new species produces one of the largest ascomata in the genus and is easily differentiated from Z. physciicola (described from Physcia caesia) by its larger verruculose ascospores and thinner interascal filaments.

Three species of Candelariella — C. aggregata, C. plumbea, and C. rosulans — are reported for the first time from Turkey.

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of lichen Cladonia foliacae (Huds.) (CF) on hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced toxicity through cell death, chromosome aberrations, mitotic index, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA damage in a Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Any chemical was not given for control group. Two doses of HO (3 and 7%) were given to the roots for 1 h and the root tips were treated with CF water extract (50 and 100 μL) with increasing times for treatment groups. The roots were taken from control and treatment groups, and mitotic index, cell death, and chromosome aberrations were performed by light microscope. Changing antioxidant capacity of roots was revealed by FRAP and TEAC assay. Also, DNA damage was measured by comet assay and RAPD-PCR technique. Chromosome aberration values were obtained with increasing concentrations with longer treatment times, such as chromosome bridge, vagrant, and polyploidy in both groups. Increasing exposure doses of HO caused decreasing mitotic index values at 72 h. TEAC and FRAP assay demonstrated that roots' capacity of antioxidant was altered by increasing concentrations of HO. The tail DNA% and tail length significantly increased in all exposure times when compared to control group. Three and seven percent of HO caused the genotoxic effect on genetic material at 72 h according to RAPD-PCR technique. Increasing the doses of HO resulted in increased toxicity to all studied parameters of A. cepa, but CF extract altered all changing parameters of A. cepa root cell. The HO tested in this study have cytotoxic and mutagenic potential, but extract of CF was protective against HO caused toxicological changes. But, it did not protect completely in the A. cepa root meristematic cells.