RESULTSWhile no patients died during surgery six died (mortality rate was 5%) in the first 30 days afterward (two of them from causes unrelated to the urinary diversion surgery). The early reoperation rate was 14%; there were early complications not requiring surgery in 40 (34%) and later reoperation rate was required in 20.6%. The mean (range) maximum neobladder capacity was 550 (310-720) mL, the maximum intravesical pressure at maximum capacity 26.4 (11-48) cmH 2 O, and the minimum and maximum flow rates 25.2 (16-64) and 17.5 (11-30) mL/s, respectively. Day-and night-time continence rates were 92% and 90% after 4 years. While there was no electrolyte imbalance, there was mild to moderate metabolic acidosis in 58% of patients. There was no urethral tumour recurrence in any patient. CONCLUSIONDetubularization of ileum to form a neobladder gives a more favourable lowpressure and high-capacity reservoir. Therefore, a shorter ileal segment can be used for orthotopic urinary diversion, to avoid various metabolic dysfunctions when using detubularized bowel, but the surgery is not as free of complications as the original technique.

Treatment of blood with 100 mg sildenafil citrate has protective effects on oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical formation and by supporting antioxidant redox systems.

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Spontaneous migration of an intrauterine device into the bladder is very rare. A 29-year-old woman in whom an intrauterine device had been placed 6 years previously, presented complaining of chronic pelvic pain and recurrent irritative urinary tract symptoms. One year after insertion she had became pregnant and given birth without complications. Intravesical migration of the intrauterine device was confirmed by sonography and cystoscopy. The intrauterine device was removed by suprapubic cystostomy.

Penile fracture can be diagnosed easily with history and physical examination, and favorable functional results can be achieved with early surgical repair.