The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological and temperature changes of the apical portion of human extracted teeth treated by Nd: YAG, CO2 and Argon-lasers. Seventy-two single-rooted human teeth were studied. The root canals were prepared conventionally. Laser treatment of the apical portion of the canal was carried out by means of an optic fiber or metal tip. Temperatures were recorded thermographically. Two-thirds of the specimens were stained with black India ink and 36% silver ammonium fluoride solution. All specimens were irradiated by the three types of lasers at several intensities and the temperatures were recorded. Half of the specimens were prepared for the telescopic light microscope and for scanning electron microscopic observation, and the rest for histopathological examination by light microscope. The scanning electron microscopic evaluation showed that the laser energy vaporized the deposited debris, producing a glaze-like surface. The histopathological investigation revealed a tapered, enlarged apical lased area. All three laser devices were capable of vaporizing the debris in this way but the degree of morphological change was highly dependent on energy level and duration. The Argon-laser produced the highest temperatures.
With the advent of different root canal sealants, the success rate of the root canal-treated teeth can be confirmed.
Aim: Root canal treatment is often carried out in deciduous teeth to relieve pain and make the tooth functional.The main goal of instrumentation in a root canal treatment is to facilitate effective irrigation, disinfection, and filling. Sodium hypochlorite is a widely used irrigant and has been demonstrated to be an effective agent against broad spectrum of bacteria. However its toxic effects on vital tissues can result in haemolysis, skin ulceration and necrosis. The use of diode laser for endodontic applications has been investigated and proven for its efficacy in root canal sterilization. Therefore, this clinical study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacies of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 810nm diode laser as disinfectants in root canals of primary teeth. This study evaluated the microbial count and the clinical success of the treatment. Materials and Methods: In 40 subjects selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, Pulp tissue was extirpated from the canals and samples collected using sterile absorbent paper points . Then they were randomly divided into two groups. In Group 1, canals were prepared and irrigated with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite, and in group 2 canals were prepared and disinfected with 810nm of diode laser. The contents of canals were collected again with a sterile paper point .Samples taken before and after procedures were cultured, and the colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. The data was evaluated using independent sample test and paired sample test. Patients were recalled for clinical and radiographic evaluation after 3 and 6 months. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean CFU of laser and sodium Hypochlorite ( p<.001). Clinical evaluation after 3 and 6 months showed no pain, swelling, sinus tract or mobility .Radiographically too there was absence of premature exfoliation, periodontal widening, internal/external resorption and periapical or furcal radiolucency. Conclusion: Both 810nm diode laser and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite were effective in reducing bacterial count in root canals of primary teeth. However 810nm diode laser reduced microbial count of root canals more as compared to 5.25% NaOCl.
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