A novel induction heating apparatus
is designed to mimic the exothermic
process in an olefin polymerization gas–solid fluidized bed.
Wax/graphite composites with core–shell structure are used
as tracer particles to capture the agglomerates formed in the cold
mode experiments. Pressure fluctuation sensors and image analysis
methodology are used to characterize the detailed information on agglomerates
such as mass, size, and compositions. Experimental results reveal
that when the mass fraction of tracer particles is above 10%, agglomerates
are formed in the fluidized bed. Compared with coarse particles, small
particles lead to agglomeration much easier, and coalescence of small–small
particles or small–coarse particles is the main mechanism by
which agglomeration occurs. Analyzing the collision process of small
particles and coarse particles, we conclude that collisions among
small particles or collisions between small and coarse particles are
more frequent and efficient than that of coarse particles.
The radial distribution of liquid velocity in the axial direction of a jet bubbling reactor has been measured by experimentation. Three different typical flow structures controlled by liquid jet, gas bubbling, and liquid jet coupled with bubbling are observed. A tank in series model is established on this basis. Calculated values in each region are in good agreement with measured values in jet, bubbling, and wall effect controlled areas. Axial flow rate, radial exchange rate, and jet controlled volume g are analyzed from energy input aspect under different u g and u j. Simulation results indicate that under the synergetic action of the liquid jet and gas bubbling effect, jet controlled area exhibits a "spindle" structure, and its size decreases with the increase of u g. When gas input power occupies about 67% of total energy consumption, the best synergy of liquid jet and gas bubbling is obtained. V
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