Background and Aim: A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is defined as the sudden onset of a focal neurologic deficit caused by a disruption in blood flow to parts of the brain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of dyslipidemia in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 184 stroke patients in Medical department of Services Hospital, Lahore for duration of six months i.e from November 2020 to June 2021. All the stroke patients admitted during the study period were enrolled. Demographic details, past medical and family history, stroke risk factors, blood pressure, body mass index, and diabetic state were noted. Fasting blood samples were taken from individuals of stroke diagnosed based on CT scan. Lipid profiles including triacylglycerol, cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoproteins, and glycosylated hemoglobin were all measured from an individual blood samples. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 184 stroke patients, 123 (66.8%) were male patients while 61 (33.2%) were females. The overall mean age was 41.35±12.76 years whereas the mean body mass index was 37.61±10.91 Kg/m2. Out of 184 patients, the prevalence of prevalent risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking was found 146 (79.5%), 89 (48.2%), and 58 (31.7%) respectively. The prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia (mg/dl), Hypertriglyceridemia (mg/dl), High LDL (mg/dl) levels, high VLDL (mg/dl), and low HDL was 49 (26.4%), 37 (20.1%), 31 (16.8%), 23 (12.5%), and 13 (7.1%) respectively. The abnormalities in HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were found in 93 (50.6%) and 95 (51.4%). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in ischemic stroke patients. The smoker and male population are more susceptible to stroke risks that involve high LDL, high HbA1c, low HDL, hypertension, and higher fast blood glucose. Family history and diabetes are other risk factors for stroke. Appropriate intrusion for alteration of uneven lipid profile can improve stroke prognosis and prevention Keywords: Dyslipidemia; Ischemic Stroke, Cholesterol
Aim: Catheter-related diseases increase illness and mortality in dialysis patients. To determine if topical or intraluminal antibiotics prevent catheter-related bloodstream contagion in persons receiving hemodialysis when comparison to no antibiotic treatment. Methods: Inclusion and exclusion criteria chose controlled randomized studies utilizing topical or intraluminal antibiotics for contagion control measures in individuals receiving hemodialysis using catheters. Results: Pooled rate ratios for outcomes were estimated using fixed-effects modelling. Topical antibiotics decreased rate of bacteremia (ratio, 0.23 [96 percent confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.41]; 0.11 vs. 0.46 case of bacteremia per 120 catheter-days), exit-site contagion (ratio, 0.18 [CI, 0.09 to 0.39]; 0.07 vs. 0.42 case of infection per 120 catheter-days), catheter removal, in addition hospitalization for infectious disease. Intraluminal antibiotics decreased the risk of bacteremia and the necessity for catheter placement (Rate ratio, 0.33 [CI, 0.23 to 0.48]; 0.13 vs. 0.34 instance of bacteremia per 120 catheter-days). Intraluminal antibiotics did not lower rate of exit-site contagion appreciably, and no hospitalization statistics remained provided for some of those medicines. Conclusion: Antibiotics, including external and intraluminal, lowered the risk of bacteremia hence necessity for catheter elimination of problems. It is uncertain if all these tactics will result in antibiotic resistance and loss of potency over time. Keywords: Catheter-related diseases, dialysis patients, Topical or intraluminal antibiotics.
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