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The concentrations of natural radionuclide of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th have been measured by neutron activation analysis technique in essential vegetables and soil samples collected from farms in Cameron Highlands and Penang, Malaysia. The concentrations of natural radionuclide in Tomato, Eggplant, Lattice, Pumpkin, Cucumber, Onion, Okra, and Chilli were measured. In soil, the average concentrations of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were 203.832.05 Bq/kg and 186.173.35 Bq/kg, respectively in Cameron Highland. The highest concentrations of uranium and thorium were 6.251.58 Bq/kg and 2.51.55 Bq/kg in cucumber and lettuce products, respectively in the Cameron highlands. The transfer factors of these radionuclides from soil to vegetables were estimated. The highest estimation was in Cucumber and lettuce. These values were compared with the published data and were found to be within acceptable limits.

The environmental monitoring of radon in the female blood and urine with the cancer problems has been carried out by using RAD7. This study has been undertaken for the purpose of health risk assessments. The significant of the results is this study indicate to the health risk assessments by showing association between radon concentration of blood and urine and cancers. The concentration of radon in blood samples varies from 417 to 714 Bq m À3 with an average of 570.25 Bq m À3 before irradiation and varies from 463 to 881 Bq m À3 with an average of 734.50 after irradiation. The concentration of radon in urine samples varies from 149 to 289 Bq m À3 with an average of 208.50 Bq m À3 before irradiation and varies from 239 to 1990 Bq m À3 with an average of 1062.62 Bq m À3 after irradiation. This study shows association between radon and cancers, also the results showed that the Rad7 particularly, has ability to measuring the concentration of blood and urine samples with higher levels of radon and correlation together.

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Because of the greats pressures on humans, there are resorted to smoking without knowing its effects on health. Such symptoms include adult lung cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory infections, kidney failure, congenital abnormalities and chronic bronchitis. Uranium and radon estimation has carried out in 100 smoker and Non-smoker blood samples from Babylon, Iraq, using solid state nuclear track detector (CR-39). The results have been shown the total uranium concentrations in blood smokers and non-smokers samples to be 1.02 ± 0.26 ppb and 0.86 ± 0.17 ppb respectively. On the other side, the total concentrations of radon in blood smokers and non-smokers samples 4.98 ± 0.79 Bqm−3 and 3.59 ± 0.28 Bqm−3 respectively. The total concentrations of uranium and radon in blood samples of smokers are greater than non- smokers blood samples. While, the total polonium (POW) and (POS) for smoker and non- smoker samples to be 0.527 KBqm−3 - 0.127 KBqm−3 and from 0.378 KBqm−3 to 0.091 KBqm–3 respectively. These studies conclude the smoking causes an increase in the concentration of uranium and radon and polonium in the blood of smokers.