<b><i>Background:</i></b> Hypospadia is one of the most common congenital anomalies in children. Patients with distal hypospadias can be treated successfully with a tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty, usually with a postoperative urethral stent to divert urine into the diaper or a urine bag for approximately 1 week. However, these stents have their own morbidity and complications. We therefore tried to determine the safety of distal penile hypospadias repair without the use of a postoperative stent. <b><i>Patients and Method:</i></b> Fifty patients with distal penile hypospadias were prospectively assessed from May 2016 to August 2018. All patients underwent Snodgrass urethroplasty by the same surgeon. Half of the patients had a postoperative stent for 1 week. The other half had no stent. Clinical follow-up was over 6 months with an emphasis on possible stent-related complications. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fifty children underwent TIP urethroplasty for distal hypospadia repair. The mean age was 5.9 years (range 2–12). In 25 cases, a stent was removed within 1 week. In the other 25 cases, no postoperative stent was placed. The overall complication rate for the stented group was 48% (<i>n</i> = 12) and for the non-stented group 68% (<i>n</i> = 17), respectively. In the stented group, 1 patient (4%) developed a fistula, whilst there were 2 (8%) in the non-stented group. All fistulas were repaired after 6 months postoperatively. Neourethral stenosis and glans dehiscence occurred in each 1 case (4%) in both groups. Differences were not statistically significant. However, there were significantly more wound infections in the stented group. On the other hand, stents prevented temporary urinary retention which occurred in 2 patients in the non-stented group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite the limited number of cases, our study suggests that, all in all, there is no significant difference in severe complication rates regardless whether a postoperative stent is used or not.
Objective: To collect evidence on the rate of obesity in renal stone formers (RSFs) living in different climatic areas and consuming different diets. Materials and methods: Data of adult renal stone formers were retrospectively collected by members of U-merge from 13 participant centers in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria (2), China, India, Iraq (2), Italy (2), Nigeria, Pakistan and Poland. The following data were collected: age, gender, weight, height, stone analysis and procedure of stone removal. Results: In total, 1689 renal stone formers (1032 males, 657 females) from 10 countries were considered. Average age was 48 (±14) years, male to female ratio was 1.57 (M/F 1032/657), the average body mass index (BMI) was 26.5 (±4.8) kg/m2. The obesity rates of RSFs in different countries were significantly different from each other. The highest rates were observed in Pakistan (50%), Iraq (32%), and Brazil (32%), while the lowest rates were observed in China (2%), Nigeria (3%) and Italy (10%). Intermediate rates were observed in Argentina (17%), Bulgaria (17%), India (15%) and Poland (22%). The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate in the general population in Brazil, India, and Pakistan, whereas it was lower in Argentina, Bulgaria, China, Italy, and Nigeria, and similar in Iraq and Poland. Conclusions: The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was not higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate of the general population in most countries. The relationship between obesity and the risk of kidney stone formation should be reconsidered by further studies carried out in different populations.
Hypospadias, a nomination of medical term which was derived from the Greek terms: hypo (under) and spadon (rent, fissure). It is one of the congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract. There are about 400 different procedures described for correction of this type of anomaly, but Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) Urethroplasty is considered the most popular one, and there are multiple variations in this procedure to get high success rate and decrease the complications. In this study, we compare between single layer dartos flap versus double layer dorsal flaps in TIP urethroplasty. This is to assess the outcomes of double dartos flaps versus single layer flap in TIP urethroplasty for primary distal hypospadias repair in Basrah Teaching Center regarding the success rate, and to investigate the importance of double flaps in preventing possible complications in particular, urethral fistula.A cross sectional prospective study was done in Basra Teaching Hospital, between January 2018 to March 2020. A total of 50 boys, 2 to 10 year-old with coronal and sub coronal primary Hypospadias were treated with TIP urethroplasty (Snodgrass procedure) by one surgical team, who were referred to Basrah Teaching Hospital from private and outpatient clinics. Patients were divided into 2 groups: (group I: 25 patients) single layer Dartos flap & (group II: 25 patients) double layers of Dartos flaps. Six patients were missing during follow up, coincidentally 3 patients in each group. The mean age was 4.55 and 4.86 year for groups I, II respectively, the mean operative time was 88.81 and 91.86 minutes for group I & group II respectively. The success rate was (81%) and (86%) for group I, II respectively, with exception of complications which need re-do surgery. Urethrocutaneous fistula (UF) was developed in (22.7%) in group I, and in (4.5%) in group II. Bleeding was happened in 2 cases (9.1%) in group I and 3 cases (13.6%) in group II. Meatal stenosis was diagnosed in (9.1%) in group I and (13.6%) in group II. Glans dehiscence was seen in 1 case (4.5%) for each group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the occurrence of UF (P = 0.001).According to our evidence in this study, double dartos flaps is easy to be harvested, safe procedure, and represents very good choice for UF prevention. Although the number of complicated patients regarding bleeding and meatal stenosis are higher in group II than group I but they were statistically insignificant.
The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.
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