The present study was a first attempt to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relationships between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. Participants consisted of 256 Turkish adults (174 males and 82 females) and aged between 18 and 62 years (M = 36.97, SD = 9.02). Participants completed measures assessing fear of happiness, affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. The results showed that fear of happiness was negatively correlated with resilience, affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing, while resilience was positively correlated with affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. The results of mediation analysis showed that (a) resilience fully mediated the effect of fear of happiness upon flourishing, and satisfaction with life, (b) partially mediated the effect of fear of happiness upon affect balance. These findings suggest that resilience helps to explain the associations between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. This study elucidates the potential mechanism behind the association between fear of happiness and indicators of well-being. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. With the advent of positive psychology, researchers have focused not only on treating negative states (e.g. depression, anxiety) but also promoting positive states (e.g. happiness, life satisfaction), individual strengths and their relations to mental health, well-being and social prosperity (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Positive psychology emphasises the importance of identifying and understanding factors associated with subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and flourishing. Recent research identified new sets of variables that affect both subjective and psychological well-being. For example, fear of happiness is one of the variables that was found to be negatively associated with positive psychological variables. Fear of happiness refers to the notion that being happy results in bad things to happen and should be bewared of (Joshanloo, 2013). According to Joshanloo (2013), individuals who have high levels of fear of happiness may suppress their authentic positive emotions toward pursuing happiness to shun negative effects of positive states of mind (e.g. happiness, joy). Fear of happiness can be considered as a dysfunctional belief that may generate a tendency toward dampening of positive emotions. There is a variety of factors Europe's Journal of Psychology ejop.psychopen.eu | 1841-0413 affecting people's attitude toward experience of positive emotions. Joshanloo (2013) grounded the theoretical position of fear of happiness on a wide range of contexts including culture, religion, and superstitious beliefs.Giving specif...

This study validated Polish versions of the Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM) and the COVID-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS) to measure stress and burnout associated with COVID-19. Participants were 431 Polish young adults (72.6% female; Meanage = 26.61 ± 12.63). Confirmatory factor analysis verified a one-factor solution for both the CSM and the COVID-19-BS. Both scales had high internal consistency reliability. Coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout were positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress and negatively related to resilience. The coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout were correlated with elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress over and beyond resilience, age, and gender. Findings suggest that the Polish versions of the CSM and the COVID-19-BS are valid scales to measure stress and burnout related to COVID-19. Findings also demonstrated that the coronavirus stress and COVID-19 burnout experienced during the later stages of the pandemic might be a permanent risk factor for mental health problems.

The relationships between gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress have been widely examined in different cultures. However, empirical research on these variables is scant in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of stress in the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction in an understudied population of Arabic student sample. Participants were 141 Arabic-speaking undergraduate students (18 males and 123 females; mean age = 23.8 years, SD = 4.23) and completed self-report measures of gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress. As expected, regression analysis showed that gratitude positively predicted satisfaction with life, while stress negatively predicted satisfaction with life. Mediation analysis showed that stress fully mediate the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction. Higher levels of gratitude positively predicted higher levels of satisfaction with life though the decreased stress. The emerging results have important implications to research and practice regarding understanding the mechanism underlying gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress in the context of a non-western country.

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Background Aripiprazole 2-month ready-to-use 960 mg (Ari 2MRTU 960) is a new long-acting injectable antipsychotic formulation for gluteal administration every 2 months, currently being investigated for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder (BP-I). The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Ari 2MRTU 960, and the similarity of aripiprazole plasma concentrations following administration of Ari 2MRTU 960 or aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400), in adults with schizophrenia or BP-I. Methods This was a 32-week open-label study. Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to receive Ari 2MRTU 960 every 56 ± 2 days (four injections scheduled) or AOM 400 every 28 ± 2 days (eight injections scheduled). Participants received overlapping oral antipsychotic treatment with the first administration of study drug (there was no oral overlap for participants stabilized on AOM 400). Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated throughout the study. Primary safety endpoints included reported adverse events, injection site reactions, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Primary PK endpoints were plasma concentration of aripiprazole 56 days after the fourth dose of Ari 2MRTU 960 and 28 days after the eighth dose of AOM 400, and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from Day 0 to 56 postdose after the fourth dose of Ari 2MRTU 960, or AUC from Day 0 to 28 after the seventh and eighth doses of AOM 400. Results Of the 266 participants enrolled (schizophrenia, n = 185; BP-I, n = 81), 132 were randomized to receive Ari 2MRTU 960 and 134 were randomized to receive AOM 400. The majority (66.2%) of participants were male; 72.9% were Black or African American, and mean age was 47.3 years; demographic characteristics and baseline disease characteristics were generally well balanced between groups. Study completion rate was 77.3% in the Ari 2MRTU 960 group and 68.7% in the AOM 400 group. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar between Ari 2MRTU 960 (71.2%) and AOM 400 (70.9%). The most frequently reported TEAEs were increased weight (Ari 2MRTU 960: 22.7%; AOM 400: 20.9%) and injection-site pain (Ari 2MRTU 960: 18.2%; AOM 400: 9.0%). The geometric means ratio (GMR) of aripiprazole plasma concentrations on the last day following the final dosing for Ari 2MRTU 960 versus AOM 400 was 1.011 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.893–1.145), and the GMR of aripiprazole plasma exposure (area under the concentration–time curve) over the fourth Ari 2MRTU 960 dosing interval versus the seventh and eighth AOM 400 dosing intervals was 1.006 (90% CI 0.851–1.190). Conclusions Ari 2MRTU 960 was generally well tolerated in adults with schizophrenia or BP-I, with a safety profile comparable with that of AOM 400, and aripiprazole exposure equivalent to that with AOM 400 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04030143...

Background: The single-injection start regimen for aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400) in patients with schizophrenia requires a single intramuscular injection in the gluteal or deltoid site and 14 days of concurrent oral therapy. A simplified, single-day regimen of two injections at separate gluteal and/or deltoid injection sites, together with a single 20-mg dose of oral aripiprazole on the 1st day, was assessed. Patients and methods: A previously developed population-pharmacokinetic (popPK) model for characterizing aripiprazole PK following oral administration and gluteal intramuscular depot injection was expanded to include deltoid injection. Simulations were conducted to assess PK profiles following various (including two-injection) start regimens. Postmarketing data on patients who received higherthan-recommended AOM doses were used to assess overall safety/tolerability. Results: The two-injection start regimen with a single concurrent oral dose displayed a comparable PK profile to the single-injection start regimen with concurrent 14-day oral administration in simulations. The safety assessment indicated the two-injection start regimen was unlikely to be associated with safety concerns beyond those expected with a single-injection start regimen. Conclusion: These data support use of the two-injection start regimen in clinical practice to reduce reliance on daily oral administration and optimize the therapeutic benefits of AOM 400 in patients with schizophrenia.

Externality of happiness is a psychological construct that refers to the degree to which individuals perceive their level of happiness as beyond their control and mostly dependent to external factors. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Externality of Happiness scale (EOH) among a Turkish adult sample. A total of 230 participants (152 males and 78 females; mean age = 37.8 years, SD = 9.1) completed self-report measures of externality of happiness, life satisfaction, flouring, self-esteem, and fear of happiness. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure for the EOH. The EOH was found to be negatively correlated with life satisfaction, flourishing, and self-esteem and positively correlated with fear of happiness. The scale also showed incremental value over self-esteem in predicting life satisfaction. Furthermore, the scale was found to be discriminated from fear of happiness. Moreover, evidence was provided for internal-consistency reliability. Overall, the findings suggested that Turkish version of EOH had adequate reliability and validity scores and that it can be used as a useful measurement tool to assess externality of happiness beliefs in future clinical practice and research.