BackgroundObesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The effects of obesity on left ventricular structure and function have been reported, but relatively little is known regarding right ventricular (RV) function in obesity. ObjectiveTo evaluate subclinical RV alterations in obese, but otherwise healthy, young adults by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). MethodsIn this study, we included 35 normal weight healthy subjects with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 (group I), 27 subjects with a BMI of 30-34.99 kg/m2 (group II), and 42 subjects with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (group III). All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography. In addition to standard echocardiographic measurements, tricuspid annular peak systolic (Sm), peak early (Em), and late diastolic (Am) velocities, isovolumetric contraction (ICTm), relaxation (IRTm) time, and ejection time (ETm) were obtained by TDI, and RV myocardial performance index (MPIm) was calculated. ResultsIn group II, RV Em/Am was significantly decreased and IRTm and MPIm were significantly increased compared to group I (p < 0.01). RV Sm, Em, and the Em/Am ratio were significantly lower and RV IRTm and MPIm were significantly higher in group III than in group II (p < 0.05 for RV Sm and IRTm and p < 0.01 for others). RV Am differed significantly between groups III and I (p < 0.05). BMI was significantly and negatively correlated with RV Sm, Em, and the Em/Am ratio, but positively correlated with RV MPI (p < 0.01). ConclusionOur study showed that isolated obesity in young normotensive adults was associated with subclinical abnormalities in RV structure and function.

Double right coronary artery (RCA) is an extremely rare coronary artery anomaly. We aimed to report an atherosclerotic double RCA which appeared after primary percutaneous intervention performed to treat acute inferior myocardial infarction. This is the first case in the literature, which the coronary arteries that can be accepted as double RCA have been hidden by total atherosclerotic occlusion of the proximal part of the RCA. In this paper, also the definition, correct diagnosis, and appropriate diagnostic methods for double RCA were discussed.

The HRV parameters were similar in both groups. However, studies including larger populations and using different methods are required to clarify if autonomic dysfunction exists in patients with FMF.

Objective: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoimmune disease, presenting with the attacks of fever and inflammation of serous membranes. One of the leading causes of death in autoimmune rheumatologic diseases is cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of FMF on the autonomic nerve and cardiovascular systems by measuring the indices of heart rate variability (HRV). Material and Methods:Thirty FMF patients and the same number of healthy volunteers were enrolled to the study. Standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the square root of the sum of the square of the differences between successive R-R intervals (RMSSD), standard deviation of 5-minute mean values of R-R interval (SDANN), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) were measured. Results Conclusion:The HRV parameters were similar in both groups. However, studies including larger populations and using different methods are required to clarify if autonomic dysfunction exists in patients with FMF.

Objective: In present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of slow coronary flow (SCF) on left ventricular diastolic functions by using conventional and tissue Doppler imaging method.Methods: Thirty-two SCF patients with normal coronary artery (mean age, 55±13, 18 male), and 30 normal coronary flow patients with normal coronary artery (mean age, 50±10, 15 male) were enrolled to the study. TIMI frame count method was used for SCF diagnosis. The left ventricular diastolic functions of all participants were evaluated by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography one day after coronary angiography. All data were compared between two groups.Results: TIMI frame counts of left anterior descending artery, circumflex and right coronary artery were significantly higher in CSF group (p<0.01). There were significant decrease in early and late diastolic maximum filling rates (E/A) (p<0.01), and significant prolongation at early deceleration time (p<0.01) on conventional echocardiography in CSF group. The tissue Doppler parameters which have been measured from the four region of mitral annulus were as follows: the mean Em velocity and mean Em/Am ratio were significantly lower in CSF patients (p<0.01), and mean Am velocity were significantly higher (p<0.01). E/Em, a non-invasive predictor of left ventricular filling pressures, is similar in both groups. Bulgular: KYA olan grupta sol ön inen arter, sirkumfleks ve sağ koroner arterler için TIMI kare sayıları anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.01). Konvansiyonel ekokardiyografide KYA grubunda erken ve geç diyastolik doluş maksimum hızlarının oranında (E/A) anlamlı derecede bir azalma (p<0.01) ve erken deselerasyon zamanında anlamlı bir uzama tespit edildi (p<0.01). Hastaların sol ventrikül mitral halkanın dört bölgesinden alınan doku Doppler parametrelerinde; KYA olan grupta ortalama Em velositesi ile ortalama Em/Am değerinin anlamlı olarak azaldığı gözlenirken (sırası ile p<0.01 ve p<0,01), ortalama Am velositesinin anlamlı derecede arttığı görüldü (p<0,01). Sol ventrikül doluş basınçlarının noninvaziv bir prediktörü olan E/Em oranı her iki grupta benzer olarak bulundu. Sonuçlar: Sol ventrikül bölgesel ve global diyastolik fonksiyonu koroner yavaş akımlı hastalarda normal olgulara kıyasla anlamlı oranda bozulmuştur. ConclusionAnahtar kelimeler: Koroner yavaş akım; diyastolik fonksiyon; doku Doppler görüntüleme

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